U.S. Natural Gas Average Price Across All End-Use Sectors by State, 2024

Natural gas prices across U.S. end-use sectors varied sharply by state in 2024. EIA’s State Energy Data System shows Hawaii at $42.49 per million Btu, followed by Rhode Island at $18.26, Massachusetts at $17.34, Nevada at $14.71, and the District of Columbia at $14.59. Louisiana had the lowest value at $3.81/MMBtu. The unweighted mean across the 50 states and D.C. was about $10.03 and the median was $8.94, while EIA’s U.S. end-use natural gas price was $8.70/MMBtu.

This indicator excludes natural gas used by electric power plants. EIA’s NGTXD combines residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation end-use expenditures and divides them by total natural gas consumption after subtracting electric-power consumption. That makes it fundamentally different from the all-sector price, which includes large volumes of gas purchased by power generators.

What the all end-use sectors price measures

In SEDS, end-use sectors are residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation. Natural gas consumed by electric power plants is excluded because it is used as an input to produce electricity rather than as a final energy use. The measure therefore focuses on gas consumed by households, businesses, industrial users, and vehicle-fuel applications.

NGTXD is not a simple average of the four sector prices. EIA combines sector expenditures and consumption, so sectors with larger volumes have greater influence on the state result. A state with extensive industrial gas use can have an end-use average close to the industrial price even if residential customers pay much more.

EIA defines the formula as NGTXD = NGTXV / (NGSCB – NGEIB) × 1000. NGTXV is total end-use natural gas expenditure, NGSCB is adjusted total natural gas consumption, and NGEIB is electric-power natural gas consumption. Subtracting NGEIB is the step that separates this series from the all-sector NGTCD measure.

Hawaii is the highest-price state by a wide margin

Hawaii’s $42.49/MMBtu value is more than twice Rhode Island’s $18.26 and far above the U.S. $8.70 figure. Massachusetts is third at $17.34, Nevada is $14.71, the District of Columbia $14.59, California $14.20, Maryland $13.91, Arizona $13.58, New York $13.33, and New Hampshire $12.82.

Hawaii’s all-sector and end-use prices are the same in the 2024 EIA tables because no electric-power natural gas price or expenditure is shown for the state. In many mainland states, by contrast, power plants purchase large gas volumes at prices below residential and commercial rates, pulling the all-sector average downward.

The state table does not establish a single cause for Hawaii’s exceptionally high level. Island supply arrangements, infrastructure, market scale, and the composition of gas supply can all matter. The SEDS series documents the price result rather than a complete causal model.

Louisiana is the lowest state

Louisiana records $3.81/MMBtu, followed by North Dakota at $4.02 and Texas at $4.65. South Dakota is $5.76, Nebraska $5.89, Oklahoma $5.90, Wyoming $6.06, Iowa $6.32, Indiana $6.40, and Tennessee $6.41.

A low end-use average does not mean every customer class pays the same low price. Residential prices are often substantially higher than industrial prices. Where industrial gas consumption is large, a relatively low industrial price can dominate the weighted end-use average. Household comparisons should use the residential series, while industrial comparisons should use the industrial column.

Why end-use prices can be much higher than all-sector prices

The difference from the all-sector series is especially large in states with major gas-fired power generation. Texas had an all-sector average of $3.36/MMBtu in 2024 but an end-use average of $4.65. California rises from $10.87 to $14.20, Arizona from $4.47 to $13.58, and Florida from $4.42 to $9.61 when electric-power consumption is excluded.

The mechanism is straightforward. Electric generators often buy very large volumes of natural gas at prices well below residential or commercial rates. Including those purchases can pull the all-sector weighted average down sharply. Removing the electric-power sector produces a measure that better reflects the price environment faced by final consumers.

Where electric-power gas consumption is absent or small, the two series can be similar. This is why the words “all sectors” and “all end-use sectors” should not be treated as interchangeable even though the underlying fuel is the same.

The U.S. end-use price is $8.70/MMBtu

EIA Table E2 reports a 2024 U.S. natural gas end-use price of $8.70/MMBtu. The unweighted arithmetic mean of the 51 state and D.C. observations is about $10.03. The national value is lower because it reflects actual end-use consumption and expenditure weights rather than giving every jurisdiction equal influence.

Large natural gas markets carry much more weight in the U.S. calculation than small high-price jurisdictions. Hawaii’s very high price lifts the simple state mean, but its end-use volume is too small to have the same proportional effect on the national weighted price. The $8.94 median is useful for describing the middle state observation; $8.70 is the better measure of the effective national end-use price.

Half the states fall between about $6.63 and $11.70

The first quartile is about $6.63/MMBtu and the third quartile is about $11.70. Half of the jurisdictions therefore fall within a band of roughly five dollars. The full range from $3.81 to $42.49 looks far wider because Hawaii is an extreme upper observation.

The simple mean of $10.03 exceeds the median by more than a dollar for the same reason. Rhode Island and Massachusetts also extend the upper tail, but Hawaii has the largest effect. Reporting both mean and median avoids presenting the high-price outlier as if it were typical of the state distribution.

Supplemental gaseous fuels are included

EIA states that the natural gas series includes supplemental gaseous fuels commingled with natural gas. Examples can include synthetic natural gas, renewable natural gas, propane-air, coke oven gas, refinery gas, biomass gas, and manufactured gas. These quantities are generally small but are part of the formal SEDS definition.

SEDS makes separate adjustments in total-energy accounting to prevent double counting when a supplemental gas originates from another fuel already recorded elsewhere. For this price series, the important point is simply that the published natural gas price uses the broader natural-gas-plus-supplemental-fuels definition.

The ranking reflects end-use sector mix

The ranked curve shows Hawaii far above the rest. Rhode Island and Massachusetts form the next high-price group, followed by a cluster from roughly $12 to $15. Most states then occupy the $6–$11 range, with Louisiana, North Dakota, and Texas forming the low end.

This is not a wholesale natural gas market ranking. Residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation prices and consumption weights are blended into one end-use average. A question about a specific customer class requires the corresponding sector price rather than NGTXD.

Official EIA references

EIA Table E2 presents 2024 total end-use energy price estimates and identifies the natural gas column as including supplemental gaseous fuels. The note defines total end-use prices as weighted averages for residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation sectors.

EIA’s 2024 price and expenditure variable definitions define NGTXD as the natural gas average price for all end-use sectors and give the formula NGTXD = NGTXV / (NGSCB – NGEIB) × 1000. The subtraction of electric-power consumption is what distinguishes this series from the all-sector price.

All 51 jurisdictions in 2024

The table below lists the 50 states and the District of Columbia from highest to lowest 2024 natural gas end-use average price. All 51 observations are positive and the unit is dollars per million Btu.

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