Texas Population, Economy, Jobs & Key Trends | Data Lab Region: Texas Coverage: 1718 - 2026 Report ID: RH-F716BBD684E54EAC URL: https://greenblog.co.kr/en/data-report/texas-population-economy-jobs-key-trends-data-lab-3/ === Full report === Texas contains several regional systems within one state: energy and port networks along the Gulf Coast, technology and government functions in Austin, aviation and logistics around Dallas–Fort Worth, military and health institutions in San Antonio, border communities, and rural production areas. The core measures cover primary energy production, total energy consumption, population, median household income, median home value, and unemployment. These measures use different definitions and describe different parts of the state economy and society, so they should be read independently rather than compressed into a single score. Historical and policy milestones provide institutional context without being treated as automatic explanations for movement in the statistical series. Read energy production and energy consumption as separate concepts Primary energy production describes energy produced within Texas. It helps explain the supply side of a state economy connected with oil, gas, electricity, petrochemicals, ports, pipelines, and related infrastructure. The measure does not by itself describe household energy bills, grid reliability, retail electricity prices, or the experience of individual industries. Houston and the Gulf Coast, inland production areas, and the electric system each connect to the energy economy in different ways. Total energy consumption describes energy used within Texas and therefore answers a different question. Residential and commercial buildings, manufacturing, transport, weather, and efficiency can all contribute to the use side of the system. Production and consumption may share a unit of measurement, but that does not make them interchangeable, and a simple subtraction does not establish energy independence or shortage. Population, household income and home value describe different household conditions Statewide population summarizes all residents of Texas in one measure. It does not reveal how settlement differs among Austin, Houston, Dallas–Fort Worth, San Antonio, border communities, the Gulf Coast, West Texas, or rural counties. Questions about migration, age structure, metropolitan concentration, or county-level change require more detailed demographic information. Median household income describes household resources, while median home value describes a different part of the housing and asset market. The measures can be related without being equivalent. Housing supply, financing conditions, land availability, development patterns, local demand, and property characteristics all matter when interpreting housing conditions. Unemployment is one view of the labor market The unemployment rate is an important labor-market measure, but it does not summarize job quality, wages, labor-force participation, occupations, or the distribution of employment across industries. That distinction matters in Texas because energy, technology, aviation, logistics, manufacturing, tourism, health care, government, and military activity occupy different regional labor markets. Austin is closely connected with state government, universities, and technology industries. Houston has strong ties to energy, port activity, and human spaceflight. Dallas–Fort Worth combines aviation, logistics, and corporate functions, while San Antonio combines military, health, tourism, and historical institutions. A statewide unemployment measure is therefore a broad summary rather than a substitute for local labor-market analysis. Use history and policy as context, not as automatic causal explanations The historical timeline includes the early San Antonio settlement, Spindletop, Johnson Space Center, DFW Airport, Hurricane Harvey, winter-weather disruption, and Hill Country disaster history. These milestones belong to different periods and different parts of Texas, so their value lies in showing institutional, industrial, infrastructure, and disaster-response context rather than forcing them into one economic storyline. The policy timeline includes retail electricity rules, school-finance and property-tax reform, grid weatherization and reliability requirements, energy financing, semiconductor support, tax relief, and major Austin highway reconstruction. The existence of a policy documents an institutional choice. Its effects on investment, employment, prices, tax burdens, reliability, or mobility must be evaluated with evidence specific to implementation and outcomes. Treat Texas as a network of regional systems Houston and the Gulf Coast combine ports, energy infrastructure, industrial supply chains, and large urban communities. Austin combines public institutions, higher education, technology firms, and a central Texas metropolitan setting. Dallas–Fort Worth operates through a broad aviation, logistics, and corporate network, while San Antonio connects military, medical, tourism, and cultural functions. West Texas, Big Bend, the southern border, agricultural counties, and other rural areas differ from the major metropolitan regions in density, transport access, land use, and industry. Statewide measures are useful as a common reference, but meaningful regional interpretation often requires county, metro, industry, and infrastructure data alongside the state series. Sources US_EIA · Total primary energy productionUS_EIA · Total energy consumptionUS_CENSUS_DATA_API · PopulationUS_CENSUS_DATA_API · Median household incomeUS_CENSUS_DATA_API · Median home valueUS_CENSUS_DATA_API · Unemployment rate FAQ Are energy production and energy consumption the same measure? No. Production describes energy produced within Texas, while consumption describes energy used within Texas. They may share a unit, but they answer different questions. Can median home value by itself tell me whether housing is affordable? No. Home value is an asset-market measure. Housing affordability also depends on household income, rents, financing conditions, housing supply, and local demand. Does a policy milestone prove that it caused a change in the statistical series? No. A policy milestone establishes institutional context. Causal evaluation requires information about implementation, affected groups, comparison conditions, and measured outcomes. Texas is best read through several distinct but connected systems: energy, households, housing, labor, transport, ports, technology, public institutions, and regional geography. The statewide statistical series provide a common frame, while Houston, Austin, Dallas–Fort Worth, San Antonio, the Gulf Coast, border communities, West Texas, and rural areas provide the spatial context. Quantitative judgments should come from the charts and tables, while the narrative focuses on definitions, interpretation, and regional structure. === Metrics === Total primary energy production 2000 9672367 Billion Btu Total primary energy production 2001 9489989 Billion Btu Total primary energy production 2002 9246694 Billion Btu Total primary energy production 2003 9261471 Billion Btu Total primary energy production 2004 9127870 Billion Btu Total primary energy production 2005 9347155 Billion Btu Total primary energy production 2006 9656270 Billion Btu Total primary energy production 2007 10232753 Billion Btu Total primary energy production 2008 11202831 Billion Btu Total primary energy production 2009 10948804 Billion Btu Total primary energy production 2010 11210133 Billion Btu Total primary energy production 2011 12356185 Billion Btu Total primary energy production 2012 13976122 Billion Btu Total primary energy production 2013 15451195 Billion Btu Total primary energy production 2014 17378716 Billion Btu Total primary energy production 2015 17803013 Billion Btu Total primary energy production 2016 16674534 Billion Btu Total primary energy production 2017 17322825 Billion Btu Total primary energy production 2018 20180426 Billion Btu Total primary energy production 2019 23156153 Billion Btu Total primary energy production 2020 23258603 Billion Btu Total primary energy production 2021 23321712 Billion Btu Total primary energy production 2022 25135027 Billion Btu Total primary energy production 2023 26931690 Billion Btu Total primary energy production 2024 28288241 Billion Btu Total energy consumption 2000 12133169 Billion Btu Total energy consumption 2001 11927025 Billion Btu Total energy consumption 2002 12216726 Billion Btu Total energy consumption 2003 12006763 Billion Btu Total energy consumption 2004 12047529 Billion Btu Total energy consumption 2005 11505194 Billion Btu Total energy consumption 2006 11632230 Billion Btu Total energy consumption 2007 11711410 Billion Btu Total energy consumption 2008 11153070 Billion Btu Total energy consumption 2009 10745559 Billion Btu Total energy consumption 2010 11419098 Billion Btu Total energy consumption 2011 11624313 Billion Btu Total energy consumption 2012 11651252 Billion Btu Total energy consumption 2013 12390011 Billion Btu Total energy consumption 2014 12356868 Billion Btu Total energy consumption 2015 12470311 Billion Btu Total energy consumption 2016 12618418 Billion Btu Total energy consumption 2017 12740600 Billion Btu Total energy consumption 2018 13540565 Billion Btu Total energy consumption 2019 13723614 Billion Btu Total energy consumption 2020 12982203 Billion Btu Total energy consumption 2021 13721691 Billion Btu Total energy consumption 2022 13835706 Billion Btu Total energy consumption 2023 14149656 Billion Btu Total energy consumption 2024 14536890 Billion Btu Population 2011 24774187 persons Population 2012 25208897 persons Population 2013 25639373 persons Population 2014 26092033 persons Population 2015 26538614 persons Population 2016 26956435 persons Population 2017 27419612 persons Population 2018 27885195 persons Population 2019 28260856 persons Population 2020 28635442 persons Population 2021 28862581 persons Population 2022 29243342 persons Population 2023 29640343 persons Population 2024 30188424 persons Median household income 2011 50920 US dollars Median household income 2012 51563 US dollars Median household income 2013 51900 US dollars Median household income 2014 52576 US dollars Median household income 2015 53207 US dollars Median household income 2016 54727 US dollars Median household income 2017 57051 US dollars Median household income 2018 59570 US dollars Median household income 2019 61874 US dollars Median household income 2020 63826 US dollars Median household income 2021 67321 US dollars Median household income 2022 73035 US dollars Median household income 2023 76292 US dollars Median household income 2024 78476 US dollars Median home value 2011 126400 US dollars Median home value 2012 128000 US dollars Median home value 2013 128900 US dollars Median home value 2014 131400 US dollars Median home value 2015 136000 US dollars Median home value 2016 142700 US dollars Median home value 2017 151500 US dollars Median home value 2018 161700 US dollars Median home value 2019 172500 US dollars Median home value 2020 187200 US dollars Median home value 2021 202600 US dollars Median home value 2022 238000 US dollars Median home value 2023 260400 US dollars Median home value 2024 283800 US dollars Unemployment rate 2011 7.3112360708381 percent Unemployment rate 2012 7.7443739253198 percent Unemployment rate 2013 8.1032487201502 percent Unemployment rate 2014 7.681453204801 percent Unemployment rate 2015 7.0124931475674 percent Unemployment rate 2016 6.415745863145 percent Unemployment rate 2017 5.8252226869954 percent Unemployment rate 2018 5.4120913740118 percent Unemployment rate 2019 5.0766634356214 percent Unemployment rate 2020 5.2966876460947 percent Unemployment rate 2021 5.3618792101522 percent Unemployment rate 2022 5.2201168927504 percent Unemployment rate 2023 5.1380523873222 percent Unemployment rate 2024 5.2675660973076 percent === Timeline === 1718 1718 - San Antonio settlement and Mission San Antonio de Valero founded — Spanish authorities and Franciscan missionaries established Mission San Antonio de Valero and an early settlement base around San Pedro Creek. 1836 1836 - Texas Declaration of Independence — Delegates at Washington-on-the-Brazos adopted the Texas Declaration of Independence, beginning the Republic-era chapter of Texas history. 1845 1845 - Texas admitted to the United States — A federal joint resolution admitted Texas as a state, ending the republic-to-state transition. 1901 1901 - Spindletop oil discovery — The Spindletop discovery near Beaumont became a defining milestone in the rise of Texas petroleum production and Gulf Coast industry. 1914 1914 - Houston Ship Channel opens as a deep-water port — Completion of the channel work and the formal opening ceremony at the Turning Basin gave Houston a deep-water port connection to the Gulf of Mexico. 1944 1944 - Big Bend National Park established — Big Bend became a national park, securing long-term federal protection for a major West Texas desert and mountain landscape. 1961 1961 - Houston human-spaceflight center founded — NASA established the Houston center that became Johnson Space Center, creating a lasting human-spaceflight and research anchor for Texas. 1974 1974 - DFW International Airport begins operations — Dallas Fort Worth International Airport began operations and became a long-run transport anchor for North Texas. 1999 1999 - Texas enacts electric-utility restructuring — The Texas Legislature enacted a law restructuring the electric-utility industry and establishing a framework for competition in generation and retail electricity. 2001 2001 - Total primary energy production: 9489989 Billion Btu - Total energy consumption: 11927025 Billion Btu 2002 2002 - Total primary energy production: 9246694 Billion Btu - Total energy consumption: 12216726 Billion Btu - Retail electric competition begins in much of Texas — Retail electric competition began across much of the ERCOT region, allowing many Texas customers to choose among competing retail electricity providers. 2003 2003 - Total primary energy production: 9261471 Billion Btu - Total energy consumption: 12006763 Billion Btu 2004 2004 - Total primary energy production: 9127870 Billion Btu - Total energy consumption: 12047529 Billion Btu 2005 2005 - Total primary energy production: 9347155 Billion Btu - Total energy consumption: 11505194 Billion Btu 2006 2006 - Total primary energy production: 9656270 Billion Btu - Total energy consumption: 11632230 Billion Btu 2007 2007 - Total primary energy production: 10232753 Billion Btu - Total energy consumption: 11711410 Billion Btu 2008 2008 - Total primary energy production: 11202831 Billion Btu - Total energy consumption: 11153070 Billion Btu 2009 2009 - Total primary energy production: 10948804 Billion Btu - Total energy consumption: 10745559 Billion Btu 2010 2010 - Total primary energy production: 11210133 Billion Btu - Total energy consumption: 11419098 Billion Btu 2011 2011 - Total primary energy production: 12356185 Billion Btu - Total energy consumption: 11624313 Billion Btu 2012 2012 - Total primary energy production: 13976122 Billion Btu - Total energy consumption: 11651252 Billion Btu - Population: 25208897 persons - Median household income: 51563 US dollars - Median home value: 128000 US dollars - Unemployment rate: 7.7443739253198 percent 2013 2013 - Total primary energy production: 15451195 Billion Btu - Total energy consumption: 12390011 Billion Btu - Population: 25639373 persons - Median household income: 51900 US dollars - Median home value: 128900 US dollars - Unemployment rate: 8.1032487201502 percent 2014 2014 - Total primary energy production: 17378716 Billion Btu - Total energy consumption: 12356868 Billion Btu - Population: 26092033 persons - Median household income: 52576 US dollars - Median home value: 131400 US dollars - Unemployment rate: 7.681453204801 percent - DART rail reaches DFW Airport — The Orange Line extension opened to DFW Airport, adding a direct rail link between the airport and the Dallas transit network. 2015 2015 - Total primary energy production: 17803013 Billion Btu - Total energy consumption: 12470311 Billion Btu - Population: 26538614 persons - Median household income: 53207 US dollars - Median home value: 136000 US dollars - Unemployment rate: 7.0124931475674 percent 2016 2016 - Total primary energy production: 16674534 Billion Btu - Total energy consumption: 12618418 Billion Btu - Population: 26956435 persons - Median household income: 54727 US dollars - Median home value: 142700 US dollars - Unemployment rate: 6.415745863145 percent 2017 2017 - Total primary energy production: 17322825 Billion Btu - Total energy consumption: 12740600 Billion Btu - Population: 27419612 persons - Median household income: 57051 US dollars - Median home value: 151500 US dollars - Unemployment rate: 5.8252226869954 percent - Hurricane Harvey impacts Texas — Hurricane Harvey brought extreme rainfall and catastrophic flooding to parts of the Texas coast and southeast Texas, becoming a major regional disaster. 2018 2018 - Total primary energy production: 20180426 Billion Btu - Total energy consumption: 13540565 Billion Btu - Population: 27885195 persons - Median household income: 59570 US dollars - Median home value: 161700 US dollars - Unemployment rate: 5.4120913740118 percent 2019 2019 - Total primary energy production: 23156153 Billion Btu - Total energy consumption: 13723614 Billion Btu - Population: 28260856 persons - Median household income: 61874 US dollars - Median home value: 172500 US dollars - Unemployment rate: 5.0766634356214 percent - Major school-finance and property-tax reform enacted — Texas enacted a major school-finance reform that increased classroom funding and teacher compensation, reduced recapture, and lowered school property-tax burdens. 2020 2020 - Total primary energy production: 23258603 Billion Btu - Total energy consumption: 12982203 Billion Btu - Population: 28635442 persons - Median household income: 63826 US dollars - Median home value: 187200 US dollars - Unemployment rate: 5.2966876460947 percent 2021 2021 - Total primary energy production: 23321712 Billion Btu - Total energy consumption: 13721691 Billion Btu - Population: 28862581 persons - Median household income: 67321 US dollars - Median home value: 202600 US dollars - Unemployment rate: 5.3618792101522 percent - Historic winter storm and Arctic outbreak — A historic winter storm and Arctic outbreak affected most of Texas with prolonged freezing conditions, snow and ice. - Texas strengthens weatherization and grid-emergency requirements — After the 2021 winter storm, Texas enacted requirements addressing weatherization of power and gas infrastructure, ERCOT reliability, and emergency response. 2022 2022 - Total primary energy production: 25135027 Billion Btu - Total energy consumption: 13835706 Billion Btu - Population: 29243342 persons - Median household income: 73035 US dollars - Median home value: 238000 US dollars - Unemployment rate: 5.2201168927504 percent 2023 2023 - Total primary energy production: 26931690 Billion Btu - Total energy consumption: 14149656 Billion Btu - Population: 29640343 persons - Median household income: 76292 US dollars - Median home value: 260400 US dollars - Unemployment rate: 5.1380523873222 percent - Texas CHIPS Act establishes a semiconductor innovation fund — Texas enacted a state semiconductor initiative creating an innovation fund and coordination framework for research, design, and manufacturing. - Texas Energy Fund approved — Voter approval advanced the Texas Energy Fund, creating a public financing framework for construction, modernization, and operation of electric facilities. 2024 2024 - Total primary energy production: 28288241 Billion Btu - Total energy consumption: 14536890 Billion Btu - Population: 30188424 persons - Median household income: 78476 US dollars - Median home value: 283800 US dollars - Unemployment rate: 5.2675660973076 percent 2025 2025 - Hill Country and Central Texas flooding — Severe flooding affected the Hill Country and other parts of Texas, leading to a major federal disaster declaration and a prolonged recovery effort. - Major property-tax relief laws signed — Texas signed a set of 2025 laws aimed at reducing property-tax burdens for homeowners and certain business property. 2026 2026 - Central Austin interstate reconstruction enters a new phase — TxDOT moved a major central Austin interstate reconstruction project into a new phase involving bridge work, ramp changes, and temporary traffic patterns. === Regional places === - Government: Texas State Capitol — The Texas State Capitol is the central landmark of state government in Austin and a major historic civic site. - Research & innovation: NASA Johnson Space Center — Johnson Space Center is NASA's Houston center for human spaceflight operations, research, training and mission control. - Port: Port Houston — Port Houston operates public facilities along the Houston Ship Channel and anchors a major Gulf Coast freight and trade system. - Airport: Dallas Fort Worth International Airport — DFW International Airport is a major aviation hub linking North Texas with domestic and international destinations. - Nature & parks: Big Bend National Park — Big Bend protects a large Chihuahuan Desert landscape, mountain environments and the Rio Grande corridor in far West Texas. - Education: The University of Texas at Austin — The University of Texas at Austin is a major public research university that contributes to education, research and public service in the state. === Sources === - US_EIA TEPRB https://api.eia.gov/v2/seds/data/ - US_EIA TETCB https://api.eia.gov/v2/seds/data/ - US_CENSUS_DATA_API B01003_001E https://api.census.gov/data/2024/acs/acs5 - US_CENSUS_DATA_API B19013_001E https://api.census.gov/data/2024/acs/acs5 - US_CENSUS_DATA_API B25077_001E https://api.census.gov/data/2024/acs/acs5 - US_CENSUS_DATA_API B23025_003E+B23025_005E https://api.census.gov/data/2024/acs/acs5