Pennsylvania Population, Economy, Jobs & Key Trends | Data Lab

Region: Pennsylvania
Coverage: 1681 - 2025
Report ID: RH-8E64379112F2A803
URL: https://greenblog.co.kr/en/data-report/pennsylvania-population-economy-jobs-key-trends-data-lab-4/

=== Full report ===
Pennsylvania combines the Philadelphia and Pittsburgh metropolitan systems with Harrisburg’s government role, energy-producing areas, legacy industrial communities, university towns, mountains and rural counties. This Data Lab treats primary energy production, total energy consumption, population, median household income, median home value and unemployment as separate measures. Their units and meanings differ, so the most useful reading is to compare their individual paths while keeping regional context in view. More energy production does not mean the same thing as more consumption Pennsylvania’s primary energy production series shows a pronounced long-run expansion. Total energy consumption, by contrast, fluctuates within a much narrower band and therefore tells a different story. Production measures energy produced within the state, while consumption measures energy used within the state. Industrial structure, fuel mix, efficiency, weather, transport patterns and electricity-market institutions can affect those measures in different ways. Population, income and housing describe different regional conditions Pennsylvania’s population changes gradually at the statewide level. That aggregate cannot by itself show the contrasting paths of Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Harrisburg, university communities, legacy industrial areas, mountain regions and rural counties. Median household income and median home value show clearer upward movement than population. They are not interchangeable measures: housing supply, financing conditions, local demand, household resources and property characteristics all matter. The unemployment rate is only one view of work Unemployment trends lower over the broader period, although temporary reversals appear along the way. This is a useful reminder that short-term movements do not always match the longer direction. A statewide unemployment rate does not reveal wage growth, labor-force participation, occupation mix or sector-specific employment. Health care, education, manufacturing, energy, logistics, government, technology and services are distributed unevenly across Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, Pittsburgh and Harrisburg anchor different regional systems Philadelphia anchors the eastern metropolitan corridor and combines national civic history with major transport, education and cultural networks. Pittsburgh organizes a western system shaped by rivers, industrial heritage, health care, education and technology. Harrisburg functions as the state-government center, while communities between the major metros include university towns, mountain regions, rural counties and former industrial centers. Statewide measures are therefore best treated as a common reference rather than a substitute for local analysis. History and policy provide context without automatic causality Colonial formation, founding-era events, oil development, war, disasters, highways and nuclear history show how Pennsylvania’s regions and infrastructure changed across very different eras. Electricity-market reform and energy-efficiency policy add a modern institutional layer to that history. They can be read beside the statistical series, but their presence alone does not establish that they caused a particular movement in energy, population, income, housing or employment. Sources US_EIA · Total primary energy productionUS_EIA · Total energy consumptionUS_CENSUS_DATA_API · PopulationUS_CENSUS_DATA_API · Median household incomeUS_CENSUS_DATA_API · Median home valueUS_CENSUS_DATA_API · Unemployment rate FAQ Why do Pennsylvania energy production and consumption follow different paths? They measure different parts of the energy system. Production records energy produced in the state, while consumption records energy used there. Industry, fuel mix, efficiency, weather and market structure can affect them differently. Can home values rise even when population changes slowly? Yes. Home values also reflect supply, financing conditions, household income, local demand and available inventory, so they do not need to move at the same pace as population. Does a policy milestone prove that it caused a statistical change? No. A policy milestone supplies institutional context. Causal evaluation requires separate evidence about implementation, affected groups, comparison conditions and measured outcomes. Pennsylvania is best understood as several regional systems sharing one statewide statistical frame. Energy production expands far more strongly than consumption, population changes gradually, household income and home values rise more clearly, and unemployment moves lower over the broader period. Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Harrisburg and the state’s industrial, rural and mountain regions provide the spatial context that statewide averages cannot supply on their own.

=== Metrics ===
Total primary energy production	1985	2436744	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	1986	2558675	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	1987	2461492	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	1988	2519988	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	1989	2540308	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	1990	2714752	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	1991	2554138	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	1992	2689243	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	1993	2414362	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	1994	2557295	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	1995	2526881	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	1996	2748584	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	1997	2883808	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	1998	3017017	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	1999	3024840	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	2000	2978664	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	2001	2932238	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	2002	2788069	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	2003	2642543	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	2004	2715502	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	2005	2682430	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	2006	2654791	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	2007	2664316	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	2008	2735862	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	2009	2657146	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	2010	3051085	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	2011	3848782	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	2012	4712839	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	2013	5847963	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	2014	7108292	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	2015	7443336	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	2016	7756951	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	2017	8100457	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	2018	8992467	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	2019	9611946	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	2020	9472237	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	2021	10128862	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	2022	9962481	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	2023	10086850	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	2024	9911312	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	1985	3345824	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	1986	3286424	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	1987	3472305	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	1988	3643313	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	1989	3652258	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	1990	3632889	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	1991	3574762	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	1992	3672203	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	1993	3743720	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	1994	3815840	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	1995	3878039	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	1996	3908529	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	1997	3878568	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	1998	3718943	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	1999	3761268	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	2000	3930803	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	2001	3841084	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	2002	3899649	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	2003	3943918	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	2004	3991628	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	2005	4022884	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	2006	3892981	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	2007	3949447	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	2008	3926058	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	2009	3608128	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	2010	3736054	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	2011	3727635	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	2012	3623869	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	2013	3832199	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	2014	3958080	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	2015	3873568	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	2016	3738684	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	2017	3738826	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	2018	3899981	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	2019	3793398	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	2020	3388304	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	2021	3615328	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	2022	3743995	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	2023	3606065	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	2024	3612264	Billion Btu
Population	2011	12660739	persons
Population	2012	12699589	persons
Population	2013	12731381	persons
Population	2014	12758729	persons
Population	2015	12779559	persons
Population	2016	12783977	persons
Population	2017	12790505	persons
Population	2018	12791181	persons
Population	2019	12791530	persons
Population	2020	12794885	persons
Population	2021	12970650	persons
Population	2022	12989208	persons
Population	2023	12986518	persons
Population	2024	13018639	persons
Median household income	2011	51651	US dollars
Median household income	2012	52267	US dollars
Median household income	2013	52548	US dollars
Median household income	2014	53115	US dollars
Median household income	2015	53599	US dollars
Median household income	2016	54895	US dollars
Median household income	2017	56951	US dollars
Median household income	2018	59445	US dollars
Median household income	2019	61744	US dollars
Median household income	2020	63627	US dollars
Median household income	2021	67587	US dollars
Median household income	2022	73170	US dollars
Median household income	2023	76081	US dollars
Median household income	2024	77971	US dollars
Median home value	2011	163200	US dollars
Median home value	2012	164900	US dollars
Median home value	2013	164700	US dollars
Median home value	2014	164900	US dollars
Median home value	2015	166000	US dollars
Median home value	2016	167700	US dollars
Median home value	2017	170500	US dollars
Median home value	2018	174100	US dollars
Median home value	2019	180200	US dollars
Median home value	2020	187500	US dollars
Median home value	2021	197300	US dollars
Median home value	2022	226200	US dollars
Median home value	2023	240500	US dollars
Median home value	2024	254500	US dollars
Unemployment rate	2011	7.8895811660357	percent
Unemployment rate	2012	8.4674329206223	percent
Unemployment rate	2013	8.9516069570127	percent
Unemployment rate	2014	8.5571651503287	percent
Unemployment rate	2015	7.9024447580914	percent
Unemployment rate	2016	7.1933420278732	percent
Unemployment rate	2017	6.4736378762794	percent
Unemployment rate	2018	5.8141270588048	percent
Unemployment rate	2019	5.3060456397703	percent
Unemployment rate	2020	5.3559521244534	percent
Unemployment rate	2021	5.5125628668641	percent
Unemployment rate	2022	5.3695997748752	percent
Unemployment rate	2023	5.2481475330471	percent
Unemployment rate	2024	5.2555326573586	percent

=== Timeline ===
1681 1681
  - The Charter of Pennsylvania is granted to William Penn — King Charles II of England granted William Penn the Charter of Pennsylvania, creating the legal foundation for the colony.
1776 1776
  - Congress approves the Declaration of Independence at Independence Hall — The Second Continental Congress met in the Pennsylvania State House, now Independence Hall, where delegates approved independence and the Declaration of Independence.
1859 1859
  - The Drake Well succeeds at commercial oil drilling in Titusville — Edwin Drake and his associates completed a commercially successful oil well at Titusville, placing northwestern Pennsylvania at the center of the early petroleum industry.
1863 1863
  - The Battle of Gettysburg — Union and Confederate armies fought around Gettysburg during the Civil War, making south-central Pennsylvania the setting for one of the conflict’s defining battles.
1889 1889
  - The Johnstown Flood — The failure of the South Fork Dam sent a catastrophic flood through the Conemaugh Valley and Johnstown, leaving a lasting mark on the disaster history of industrial Pennsylvania.
1940 1940
  - The Pennsylvania Turnpike opens — The Pennsylvania Turnpike opened as a limited-access highway across the state’s mountain terrain, reshaping long-distance travel between the Harrisburg and Pittsburgh regions.
1979 1979
  - The Three Mile Island nuclear accident — A Three Mile Island reactor near Middletown suffered a partial reactor-core meltdown, prompting major changes in U.S. nuclear regulation and plant operations.
1986 1986
  - Total primary energy production: 2558675 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 3286424 Billion Btu
1987 1987
  - Total primary energy production: 2461492 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 3472305 Billion Btu
1988 1988
  - Total primary energy production: 2519988 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 3643313 Billion Btu
1989 1989
  - Total primary energy production: 2540308 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 3652258 Billion Btu
1990 1990
  - Total primary energy production: 2714752 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 3632889 Billion Btu
1991 1991
  - Total primary energy production: 2554138 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 3574762 Billion Btu
1992 1992
  - Total primary energy production: 2689243 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 3672203 Billion Btu
1993 1993
  - Total primary energy production: 2414362 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 3743720 Billion Btu
1994 1994
  - Total primary energy production: 2557295 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 3815840 Billion Btu
1995 1995
  - Total primary energy production: 2526881 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 3878039 Billion Btu
1996 1996
  - Total primary energy production: 2748584 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 3908529 Billion Btu
  - Pennsylvania establishes a legal framework for retail electricity choice — State law created a framework that allowed electricity customers to choose generation suppliers within a regulated retail market.
1997 1997
  - Total primary energy production: 2883808 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 3878568 Billion Btu
1998 1998
  - Total primary energy production: 3017017 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 3718943 Billion Btu
1999 1999
  - Total primary energy production: 3024840 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 3761268 Billion Btu
2000 2000
  - Total primary energy production: 2978664 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 3930803 Billion Btu
2001 2001
  - Total primary energy production: 2932238 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 3841084 Billion Btu
  - Flight 93 crashes in Somerset County — During the coordinated terrorist attacks in the United States, United Airlines Flight 93 crashed near Shanksville in Somerset County, and the actions of its passengers and crew became the focus of a national memorial.
2002 2002
  - Total primary energy production: 2788069 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 3899649 Billion Btu
2003 2003
  - Total primary energy production: 2642543 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 3943918 Billion Btu
2004 2004
  - Total primary energy production: 2715502 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 3991628 Billion Btu
2005 2005
  - Total primary energy production: 2682430 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 4022884 Billion Btu
2006 2006
  - Total primary energy production: 2654791 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 3892981 Billion Btu
2007 2007
  - Total primary energy production: 2664316 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 3949447 Billion Btu
2008 2008
  - Total primary energy production: 2735862 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 3926058 Billion Btu
  - Pennsylvania strengthens statewide electricity efficiency and conservation policy — State law strengthened the framework requiring large electric distribution companies to operate energy-efficiency and conservation programs.
2009 2009
  - Total primary energy production: 2657146 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 3608128 Billion Btu
2010 2010
  - Total primary energy production: 3051085 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 3736054 Billion Btu
2011 2011
  - Total primary energy production: 3848782 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 3727635 Billion Btu
2012 2012
  - Total primary energy production: 4712839 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 3623869 Billion Btu
  - Population: 12699589 persons
  - Median household income: 52267 US dollars
  - Median home value: 164900 US dollars
  - Unemployment rate: 8.4674329206223 percent
2013 2013
  - Total primary energy production: 5847963 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 3832199 Billion Btu
  - Population: 12731381 persons
  - Median household income: 52548 US dollars
  - Median home value: 164700 US dollars
  - Unemployment rate: 8.9516069570127 percent
2014 2014
  - Total primary energy production: 7108292 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 3958080 Billion Btu
  - Population: 12758729 persons
  - Median household income: 53115 US dollars
  - Median home value: 164900 US dollars
  - Unemployment rate: 8.5571651503287 percent
2015 2015
  - Total primary energy production: 7443336 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 3873568 Billion Btu
  - Population: 12779559 persons
  - Median household income: 53599 US dollars
  - Median home value: 166000 US dollars
  - Unemployment rate: 7.9024447580914 percent
2016 2016
  - Total primary energy production: 7756951 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 3738684 Billion Btu
  - Population: 12783977 persons
  - Median household income: 54895 US dollars
  - Median home value: 167700 US dollars
  - Unemployment rate: 7.1933420278732 percent
2017 2017
  - Total primary energy production: 8100457 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 3738826 Billion Btu
  - Population: 12790505 persons
  - Median household income: 56951 US dollars
  - Median home value: 170500 US dollars
  - Unemployment rate: 6.4736378762794 percent
2018 2018
  - Total primary energy production: 8992467 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 3899981 Billion Btu
  - Population: 12791181 persons
  - Median household income: 59445 US dollars
  - Median home value: 174100 US dollars
  - Unemployment rate: 5.8141270588048 percent
2019 2019
  - Total primary energy production: 9611946 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 3793398 Billion Btu
  - Population: 12791530 persons
  - Median household income: 61744 US dollars
  - Median home value: 180200 US dollars
  - Unemployment rate: 5.3060456397703 percent
2020 2020
  - Total primary energy production: 9472237 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 3388304 Billion Btu
  - Population: 12794885 persons
  - Median household income: 63627 US dollars
  - Median home value: 187500 US dollars
  - Unemployment rate: 5.3559521244534 percent
2021 2021
  - Total primary energy production: 10128862 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 3615328 Billion Btu
  - Population: 12970650 persons
  - Median household income: 67587 US dollars
  - Median home value: 197300 US dollars
  - Unemployment rate: 5.5125628668641 percent
2022 2022
  - Total primary energy production: 9962481 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 3743995 Billion Btu
  - Population: 12989208 persons
  - Median household income: 73170 US dollars
  - Median home value: 226200 US dollars
  - Unemployment rate: 5.3695997748752 percent
2023 2023
  - Total primary energy production: 10086850 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 3606065 Billion Btu
  - Population: 12986518 persons
  - Median household income: 76081 US dollars
  - Median home value: 240500 US dollars
  - Unemployment rate: 5.2481475330471 percent
2024 2024
  - Total primary energy production: 9911312 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 3612264 Billion Btu
  - Population: 13018639 persons
  - Median household income: 77971 US dollars
  - Median home value: 254500 US dollars
  - Unemployment rate: 5.2555326573586 percent
  - Permanent I-95 repairs are completed in Philadelphia — Permanent bridge repairs were completed on the damaged I-95 section in northeast Philadelphia after the prior year’s fire and roadway collapse, restoring the corridor to normal operation.
2025 2025
  - Pittsburgh International Airport opens its new terminal — Pittsburgh International Airport opened its new terminal to passengers as the centerpiece of its modernization program.

=== Regional places ===
- Major city: Philadelphia — Philadelphia anchors eastern Pennsylvania and combines a major metropolitan role with nationally significant civic history centered on Independence Hall and the Liberty Bell. It is a key reference point for understanding the state’s eastern transport, education, and cultural networks.
- Major city: Pittsburgh — Pittsburgh sits at the confluence of the Allegheny, Monongahela, and Ohio rivers and anchors western Pennsylvania. Its shift from a steel-dominated economy toward health care, education, technology, and financial services makes it central to the state’s modern regional story.
- Government: Pennsylvania State Capitol — The Pennsylvania State Capitol in Harrisburg is the center of state government and a major public-architecture landmark. It also helps explain Harrisburg’s administrative role between the state’s larger eastern and western metropolitan centers.
- Landmark: Independence National Historical Park — Independence National Historical Park preserves Independence Hall, the Liberty Bell, and related sites associated with the formation of the United States. It shows why Pennsylvania’s history is inseparable from major national civic milestones.
- Landmark: Gettysburg National Military Park — Gettysburg National Military Park preserves the landscape of the Civil War battle fought around Gettysburg. It is a defining example of how a south-central Pennsylvania community became a place of national historical significance.
- Nature & parks: Ohiopyle State Park — Ohiopyle State Park in the Laurel Highlands is centered on the Youghiogheny River Gorge and a broad range of outdoor recreation. It represents the mountain-and-river landscape that shapes western Pennsylvania beyond its major cities.
- Education: Penn State University Park — Penn State’s University Park campus anchors a statewide network combining teaching, research, and public service. Its development from an agricultural college into a broad land-grant institution connects the educational history of rural, industrial, and urban Pennsylvania.
- Airport: Philadelphia International Airport — Philadelphia International Airport is a major air gateway linking eastern Pennsylvania and the Philadelphia region with domestic and international networks. Its long expansion history reflects the growing importance of regional mobility and long-distance connections.

=== Sources ===
- US_EIA TEPRB https://api.eia.gov/v2/seds/data/
- US_EIA TETCB https://api.eia.gov/v2/seds/data/
- US_CENSUS_DATA_API B01003_001E https://api.census.gov/data/2024/acs/acs5
- US_CENSUS_DATA_API B19013_001E https://api.census.gov/data/2024/acs/acs5
- US_CENSUS_DATA_API B25077_001E https://api.census.gov/data/2024/acs/acs5
- US_CENSUS_DATA_API B23025_003E+B23025_005E https://api.census.gov/data/2024/acs/acs5
