Hawaii Population, Economy, Jobs & Key Trends | Data Lab

Region: Hawaii
Coverage: 1778 - 2025
Report ID: RH-3A735AD103A3A0E0
URL: https://greenblog.co.kr/en/data-report/hawaii-population-economy-jobs-key-trends-data-lab/

=== Full report ===
Hawaiʻi is difficult to understand through a single statewide number. Population grows over the long run and then weakens, housing and household income keep rising, and unemployment follows a shock-and-recovery cycle. Honolulu, military and aviation networks, active volcanoes, public lands and Maui's recovery add the regional context that makes those trends meaningful. Population weakens while housing and income keep rising Hawaiʻi's population grows over the longer series but slips below its recent peak in the latest observations. Median home value and household income continue upward, so demographic direction and household-cost indicators are no longer moving together. Statewide averages also hide island differences. Housing supply, job concentration, transportation costs and visitor demand vary substantially across Oʻahu, Maui, Hawaiʻi Island and Kauaʻi. Housing is a central cost-of-living signal Median home value first declines and then enters a long appreciation phase. Household income also rises, but the two series turn at different times and move at different speeds. That gap matters in an island state where developable land is constrained and housing demand interacts with tourism, urban concentration and interisland differences. The labor market shows a clear shock and recovery cycle Unemployment improves after an early high, rises again during the pandemic disruption and then moves lower. The pattern highlights the sensitivity of a service- and visitor-oriented economy to major external shocks. Recent labor improvement occurs even as population weakens, showing why employment conditions alone do not explain resident movement or household pressure. Volcanoes, war history and disaster recovery shape the regional story Hawaiʻi Volcanoes and Haleakalā connect conservation, tourism and Native Hawaiian cultural resources. Pearl Harbor and Honolulu's air-transport role show the islands' strategic position within the Pacific. Kīlauea's eruption and the Maui wildfires illustrate persistent natural-hazard exposure. Recent climate-resilience policy increasingly links environmental stewardship, hazard mitigation and the visitor economy. Sources US_EIA · Total primary energy productionUS_EIA · Total energy consumptionUS_CENSUS_DATA_API · PopulationUS_CENSUS_DATA_API · Median household incomeUS_CENSUS_DATA_API · Median home valueUS_CENSUS_DATA_API · Unemployment rate FAQ What is the most important recent pattern in Hawaiʻi? Population weakens in the latest observations while household income and home value continue higher and unemployment improves. The core indicators are moving in different directions. Does higher household income explain higher home values? Not by itself. The two measures move at different speeds, and island-specific land, supply and demand conditions also matter. What should be considered beyond the economic indicators? Honolulu and the air network, Hawaiʻi Volcanoes and Haleakalā, Pearl Harbor, the University of Hawaiʻi, and recent volcanic and wildfire disasters all provide essential regional context. Hawaiʻi combines recent population weakness with rising income and housing values and a recovering labor market. Island geography, tourism, military and research functions, active volcanoes and wildfire risk make the state's regional structure unusually complex and make place-based context essential.

=== Metrics ===
Total primary energy production	1985	14573	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	1986	16641	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	1987	18170	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	1988	19756	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	1989	28153	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	1990	27178	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	1991	26765	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	1992	26202	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	1993	26238	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	1994	23020	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	1995	22171	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	1996	21531	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	1997	19937	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	1998	19091	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	1999	19430	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	2000	17784	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	2001	10241	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	2002	9299	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	2003	11487	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	2004	11680	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	2005	10784	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	2006	11289	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	2007	11350	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	2008	12201	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	2009	12213	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	2010	11494	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	2011	11781	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	2012	11967	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	2013	14827	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	2014	15172	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	2015	15203	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	2016	16893	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	2017	14973	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	2018	14790	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	2019	14258	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	2020	15085	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	2021	16621	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	2022	16920	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	2023	17482	Billion Btu
Total primary energy production	2024	17856	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	1985	247820	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	1986	244655	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	1987	248796	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	1988	289021	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	1989	309045	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	1990	320661	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	1991	294400	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	1992	305433	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	1993	281060	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	1994	296649	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	1995	294338	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	1996	280503	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	1997	270917	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	1998	270821	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	1999	267015	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	2000	270704	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	2001	267970	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	2002	283505	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	2003	299086	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	2004	312623	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	2005	322560	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	2006	324507	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	2007	334047	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	2008	272843	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	2009	272233	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	2010	294039	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	2011	297974	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	2012	291000	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	2013	293753	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	2014	285589	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	2015	288564	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	2016	289196	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	2017	295642	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	2018	294449	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	2019	296631	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	2020	219585	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	2021	255903	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	2022	270404	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	2023	271755	Billion Btu
Total energy consumption	2024	271819	Billion Btu
Population	2011	1346554	persons
Population	2012	1362730	persons
Population	2013	1376298	persons
Population	2014	1392704	persons
Population	2015	1406299	persons
Population	2016	1413673	persons
Population	2017	1421658	persons
Population	2018	1422029	persons
Population	2019	1422094	persons
Population	2020	1420074	persons
Population	2021	1453498	persons
Population	2022	1450589	persons
Population	2023	1445635	persons
Population	2024	1445235	persons
Median household income	2011	67116	US dollars
Median household income	2012	67492	US dollars
Median household income	2013	67402	US dollars
Median household income	2014	68201	US dollars
Median household income	2015	69515	US dollars
Median household income	2016	71977	US dollars
Median household income	2017	74923	US dollars
Median household income	2018	78084	US dollars
Median household income	2019	81275	US dollars
Median household income	2020	83173	US dollars
Median household income	2021	88005	US dollars
Median household income	2022	94814	US dollars
Median household income	2023	98317	US dollars
Median household income	2024	100389	US dollars
Median home value	2011	529500	US dollars
Median home value	2012	517000	US dollars
Median home value	2013	503100	US dollars
Median home value	2014	504500	US dollars
Median home value	2015	515300	US dollars
Median home value	2016	538400	US dollars
Median home value	2017	563900	US dollars
Median home value	2018	587700	US dollars
Median home value	2019	615300	US dollars
Median home value	2020	636400	US dollars
Median home value	2021	662100	US dollars
Median home value	2022	764800	US dollars
Median home value	2023	808200	US dollars
Median home value	2024	839100	US dollars
Unemployment rate	2011	6.3710377927948	percent
Unemployment rate	2012	6.7136474812203	percent
Unemployment rate	2013	7.0770302836735	percent
Unemployment rate	2014	6.6899759487523	percent
Unemployment rate	2015	6.0796006739777	percent
Unemployment rate	2016	5.5116408675773	percent
Unemployment rate	2017	4.8687367058564	percent
Unemployment rate	2018	4.515407015259	percent
Unemployment rate	2019	4.2600773791847	percent
Unemployment rate	2020	4.5549360353221	percent
Unemployment rate	2021	5.1783183009898	percent
Unemployment rate	2022	5.0511685213732	percent
Unemployment rate	2023	5.0290558828212	percent
Unemployment rate	2024	4.9189532759294	percent

=== Timeline ===
1778 1778
  - Captain Cook expedition lands on Kauaʻi — Captain James Cook's expedition landed near Waimea on Kauaʻi, marking a major transition into sustained recorded contact between the Hawaiian Islands and European exploration.
1810 1810
  - Kamehameha unifies the Hawaiian Islands — Kamehameha's unification brought the major Hawaiian Islands under one kingdom, creating a foundation for later governance and external relations.
1898 1898
  - Hawaiian Islands are annexed by the United States — The Newlands Resolution annexed the Hawaiian Islands to the United States, changing their political status and leading to the later territorial government.
1916 1916
  - Hawaii National Park is established — Federal law created Hawaii National Park, protecting major volcanic landscapes on Hawaiʻi and Maui and establishing a long-term conservation framework.
1941 1941
  - Attack on Pearl Harbor — The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor made Oʻahu a central site in Pacific War history and led to the United States entering World War II.
1959 1959
  - Hawaiʻi becomes a state — Hawaiʻi entered the Union as a state, replacing territorial administration with a formal state-government system.
1986 1986
  - Total primary energy production: 16641 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 244655 Billion Btu
1987 1987
  - Total primary energy production: 18170 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 248796 Billion Btu
1988 1988
  - Total primary energy production: 19756 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 289021 Billion Btu
1989 1989
  - Total primary energy production: 28153 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 309045 Billion Btu
1990 1990
  - Total primary energy production: 27178 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 320661 Billion Btu
1991 1991
  - Total primary energy production: 26765 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 294400 Billion Btu
1992 1992
  - Total primary energy production: 26202 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 305433 Billion Btu
1993 1993
  - Total primary energy production: 26238 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 281060 Billion Btu
1994 1994
  - Total primary energy production: 23020 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 296649 Billion Btu
1995 1995
  - Total primary energy production: 22171 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 294338 Billion Btu
1996 1996
  - Total primary energy production: 21531 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 280503 Billion Btu
1997 1997
  - Total primary energy production: 19937 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 270917 Billion Btu
1998 1998
  - Total primary energy production: 19091 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 270821 Billion Btu
1999 1999
  - Total primary energy production: 19430 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 267015 Billion Btu
2000 2000
  - Total primary energy production: 17784 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 270704 Billion Btu
2001 2001
  - Total primary energy production: 10241 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 267970 Billion Btu
2002 2002
  - Total primary energy production: 9299 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 283505 Billion Btu
2003 2003
  - Total primary energy production: 11487 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 299086 Billion Btu
2004 2004
  - Total primary energy production: 11680 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 312623 Billion Btu
2005 2005
  - Total primary energy production: 10784 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 322560 Billion Btu
2006 2006
  - Total primary energy production: 11289 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 324507 Billion Btu
2007 2007
  - Total primary energy production: 11350 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 334047 Billion Btu
2008 2008
  - Total primary energy production: 12201 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 272843 Billion Btu
2009 2009
  - Total primary energy production: 12213 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 272233 Billion Btu
2010 2010
  - Total primary energy production: 11494 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 294039 Billion Btu
2011 2011
  - Total primary energy production: 11781 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 297974 Billion Btu
2012 2012
  - Total primary energy production: 11967 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 291000 Billion Btu
  - Population: 1362730 persons
  - Median household income: 67492 US dollars
  - Median home value: 517000 US dollars
  - Unemployment rate: 6.7136474812203 percent
2013 2013
  - Total primary energy production: 14827 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 293753 Billion Btu
  - Population: 1376298 persons
  - Median household income: 67402 US dollars
  - Median home value: 503100 US dollars
  - Unemployment rate: 7.0770302836735 percent
2014 2014
  - Total primary energy production: 15172 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 285589 Billion Btu
  - Population: 1392704 persons
  - Median household income: 68201 US dollars
  - Median home value: 504500 US dollars
  - Unemployment rate: 6.6899759487523 percent
2015 2015
  - Total primary energy production: 15203 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 288564 Billion Btu
  - Population: 1406299 persons
  - Median household income: 69515 US dollars
  - Median home value: 515300 US dollars
  - Unemployment rate: 6.0796006739777 percent
2016 2016
  - Total primary energy production: 16893 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 289196 Billion Btu
  - Population: 1413673 persons
  - Median household income: 71977 US dollars
  - Median home value: 538400 US dollars
  - Unemployment rate: 5.5116408675773 percent
2017 2017
  - Total primary energy production: 14973 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 295642 Billion Btu
  - Population: 1421658 persons
  - Median household income: 74923 US dollars
  - Median home value: 563900 US dollars
  - Unemployment rate: 4.8687367058564 percent
2018 2018
  - Total primary energy production: 14790 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 294449 Billion Btu
  - Population: 1422029 persons
  - Median household income: 78084 US dollars
  - Median home value: 587700 US dollars
  - Unemployment rate: 4.515407015259 percent
  - Major Kīlauea eruption and summit collapse — A major lower East Rift Zone eruption and summit collapse at Kīlauea caused extensive impacts to communities, roads and natural landscapes on Hawaiʻi Island.
2019 2019
  - Total primary energy production: 14258 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 296631 Billion Btu
  - Population: 1422094 persons
  - Median household income: 81275 US dollars
  - Median home value: 615300 US dollars
  - Unemployment rate: 4.2600773791847 percent
2020 2020
  - Total primary energy production: 15085 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 219585 Billion Btu
  - Population: 1420074 persons
  - Median household income: 83173 US dollars
  - Median home value: 636400 US dollars
  - Unemployment rate: 4.5549360353221 percent
2021 2021
  - Total primary energy production: 16621 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 255903 Billion Btu
  - Population: 1453498 persons
  - Median household income: 88005 US dollars
  - Median home value: 662100 US dollars
  - Unemployment rate: 5.1783183009898 percent
2022 2022
  - Total primary energy production: 16920 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 270404 Billion Btu
  - Population: 1450589 persons
  - Median household income: 94814 US dollars
  - Median home value: 764800 US dollars
  - Unemployment rate: 5.0511685213732 percent
2023 2023
  - Total primary energy production: 17482 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 271755 Billion Btu
  - Population: 1445635 persons
  - Median household income: 98317 US dollars
  - Median home value: 808200 US dollars
  - Unemployment rate: 5.0290558828212 percent
  - Maui wildfires and the Lahaina fire — Major wildfires on Maui caused severe loss of life, housing and cultural assets, including catastrophic damage in Lahaina, and began a long recovery process.
2024 2024
  - Total primary energy production: 17856 Billion Btu
  - Total energy consumption: 271819 Billion Btu
  - Population: 1445235 persons
  - Median household income: 100389 US dollars
  - Median home value: 839100 US dollars
  - Unemployment rate: 4.9189532759294 percent
2025 2025
  - Hawaiʻi enacts the Green Fee climate-resilience policy — Hawaiʻi enacted the Green Fee policy to direct additional visitor-accommodation and cruise-related tax revenue toward environmental stewardship, climate and hazard mitigation, and sustainable tourism.

=== Regional places ===
- Government: Honolulu — Honolulu is Hawaiʻi's capital and the state's main hub for government, air transport, higher education and urban culture.
- Nature & parks: Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park — Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park protects volcanic landscapes centered on Kīlauea and Mauna Loa together with native ecosystems and Native Hawaiian cultural landscapes.
- Nature & parks: Haleakalā National Park — Haleakalā National Park stretches from the volcanic summit landscape to the Kīpahulu coast and protects native ecosystems and Hawaiian cultural resources.
- historic: Pearl Harbor National Memorial — Pearl Harbor National Memorial preserves wartime history on Oʻahu and interprets the attack, its victims and the broader Pacific War.
- Transport: Daniel K. Inouye International Airport — Daniel K. Inouye International Airport in Honolulu is Hawaiʻi's largest airport and a key hub for interisland, mainland and international travel.
- Education: University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa — The University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa is a major public research university in Honolulu and an important center for education, research and Asia-Pacific studies.

=== Sources ===
- US_EIA TEPRB https://api.eia.gov/v2/seds/data/
- US_EIA TETCB https://api.eia.gov/v2/seds/data/
- US_CENSUS_DATA_API B01003_001E https://api.census.gov/data/2024/acs/acs5
- US_CENSUS_DATA_API B19013_001E https://api.census.gov/data/2024/acs/acs5
- US_CENSUS_DATA_API B25077_001E https://api.census.gov/data/2024/acs/acs5
- US_CENSUS_DATA_API B23025_003E+B23025_005E https://api.census.gov/data/2024/acs/acs5
