Hawaii Population, Economy, Jobs & Key Trends | Data Lab Region: Hawaii Coverage: 1778 - 2025 Report ID: RH-3A735AD103A3A0E0 URL: https://greenblog.co.kr/en/data-report/hawaii-population-economy-jobs-key-trends-data-lab/ === Full report === Hawaiʻi is difficult to understand through a single statewide number. Population grows over the long run and then weakens, housing and household income keep rising, and unemployment follows a shock-and-recovery cycle. Honolulu, military and aviation networks, active volcanoes, public lands and Maui's recovery add the regional context that makes those trends meaningful. Population weakens while housing and income keep rising Hawaiʻi's population grows over the longer series but slips below its recent peak in the latest observations. Median home value and household income continue upward, so demographic direction and household-cost indicators are no longer moving together. Statewide averages also hide island differences. Housing supply, job concentration, transportation costs and visitor demand vary substantially across Oʻahu, Maui, Hawaiʻi Island and Kauaʻi. Housing is a central cost-of-living signal Median home value first declines and then enters a long appreciation phase. Household income also rises, but the two series turn at different times and move at different speeds. That gap matters in an island state where developable land is constrained and housing demand interacts with tourism, urban concentration and interisland differences. The labor market shows a clear shock and recovery cycle Unemployment improves after an early high, rises again during the pandemic disruption and then moves lower. The pattern highlights the sensitivity of a service- and visitor-oriented economy to major external shocks. Recent labor improvement occurs even as population weakens, showing why employment conditions alone do not explain resident movement or household pressure. Volcanoes, war history and disaster recovery shape the regional story Hawaiʻi Volcanoes and Haleakalā connect conservation, tourism and Native Hawaiian cultural resources. Pearl Harbor and Honolulu's air-transport role show the islands' strategic position within the Pacific. Kīlauea's eruption and the Maui wildfires illustrate persistent natural-hazard exposure. Recent climate-resilience policy increasingly links environmental stewardship, hazard mitigation and the visitor economy. Sources US_EIA · Total primary energy productionUS_EIA · Total energy consumptionUS_CENSUS_DATA_API · PopulationUS_CENSUS_DATA_API · Median household incomeUS_CENSUS_DATA_API · Median home valueUS_CENSUS_DATA_API · Unemployment rate FAQ What is the most important recent pattern in Hawaiʻi? Population weakens in the latest observations while household income and home value continue higher and unemployment improves. The core indicators are moving in different directions. Does higher household income explain higher home values? Not by itself. The two measures move at different speeds, and island-specific land, supply and demand conditions also matter. What should be considered beyond the economic indicators? Honolulu and the air network, Hawaiʻi Volcanoes and Haleakalā, Pearl Harbor, the University of Hawaiʻi, and recent volcanic and wildfire disasters all provide essential regional context. Hawaiʻi combines recent population weakness with rising income and housing values and a recovering labor market. Island geography, tourism, military and research functions, active volcanoes and wildfire risk make the state's regional structure unusually complex and make place-based context essential. === Metrics === Total primary energy production 1985 14573 Billion Btu Total primary energy production 1986 16641 Billion Btu Total primary energy production 1987 18170 Billion Btu Total primary energy production 1988 19756 Billion Btu Total primary energy production 1989 28153 Billion Btu Total primary energy production 1990 27178 Billion Btu Total primary energy production 1991 26765 Billion Btu Total primary energy production 1992 26202 Billion Btu Total primary energy production 1993 26238 Billion Btu Total primary energy production 1994 23020 Billion Btu Total primary energy production 1995 22171 Billion Btu Total primary energy production 1996 21531 Billion Btu Total primary energy production 1997 19937 Billion Btu Total primary energy production 1998 19091 Billion Btu Total primary energy production 1999 19430 Billion Btu Total primary energy production 2000 17784 Billion Btu Total primary energy production 2001 10241 Billion Btu Total primary energy production 2002 9299 Billion Btu Total primary energy production 2003 11487 Billion Btu Total primary energy production 2004 11680 Billion Btu Total primary energy production 2005 10784 Billion Btu Total primary energy production 2006 11289 Billion Btu Total primary energy production 2007 11350 Billion Btu Total primary energy production 2008 12201 Billion Btu Total primary energy production 2009 12213 Billion Btu Total primary energy production 2010 11494 Billion Btu Total primary energy production 2011 11781 Billion Btu Total primary energy production 2012 11967 Billion Btu Total primary energy production 2013 14827 Billion Btu Total primary energy production 2014 15172 Billion Btu Total primary energy production 2015 15203 Billion Btu Total primary energy production 2016 16893 Billion Btu Total primary energy production 2017 14973 Billion Btu Total primary energy production 2018 14790 Billion Btu Total primary energy production 2019 14258 Billion Btu Total primary energy production 2020 15085 Billion Btu Total primary energy production 2021 16621 Billion Btu Total primary energy production 2022 16920 Billion Btu Total primary energy production 2023 17482 Billion Btu Total primary energy production 2024 17856 Billion Btu Total energy consumption 1985 247820 Billion Btu Total energy consumption 1986 244655 Billion Btu Total energy consumption 1987 248796 Billion Btu Total energy consumption 1988 289021 Billion Btu Total energy consumption 1989 309045 Billion Btu Total energy consumption 1990 320661 Billion Btu Total energy consumption 1991 294400 Billion Btu Total energy consumption 1992 305433 Billion Btu Total energy consumption 1993 281060 Billion Btu Total energy consumption 1994 296649 Billion Btu Total energy consumption 1995 294338 Billion Btu Total energy consumption 1996 280503 Billion Btu Total energy consumption 1997 270917 Billion Btu Total energy consumption 1998 270821 Billion Btu Total energy consumption 1999 267015 Billion Btu Total energy consumption 2000 270704 Billion Btu Total energy consumption 2001 267970 Billion Btu Total energy consumption 2002 283505 Billion Btu Total energy consumption 2003 299086 Billion Btu Total energy consumption 2004 312623 Billion Btu Total energy consumption 2005 322560 Billion Btu Total energy consumption 2006 324507 Billion Btu Total energy consumption 2007 334047 Billion Btu Total energy consumption 2008 272843 Billion Btu Total energy consumption 2009 272233 Billion Btu Total energy consumption 2010 294039 Billion Btu Total energy consumption 2011 297974 Billion Btu Total energy consumption 2012 291000 Billion Btu Total energy consumption 2013 293753 Billion Btu Total energy consumption 2014 285589 Billion Btu Total energy consumption 2015 288564 Billion Btu Total energy consumption 2016 289196 Billion Btu Total energy consumption 2017 295642 Billion Btu Total energy consumption 2018 294449 Billion Btu Total energy consumption 2019 296631 Billion Btu Total energy consumption 2020 219585 Billion Btu Total energy consumption 2021 255903 Billion Btu Total energy consumption 2022 270404 Billion Btu Total energy consumption 2023 271755 Billion Btu Total energy consumption 2024 271819 Billion Btu Population 2011 1346554 persons Population 2012 1362730 persons Population 2013 1376298 persons Population 2014 1392704 persons Population 2015 1406299 persons Population 2016 1413673 persons Population 2017 1421658 persons Population 2018 1422029 persons Population 2019 1422094 persons Population 2020 1420074 persons Population 2021 1453498 persons Population 2022 1450589 persons Population 2023 1445635 persons Population 2024 1445235 persons Median household income 2011 67116 US dollars Median household income 2012 67492 US dollars Median household income 2013 67402 US dollars Median household income 2014 68201 US dollars Median household income 2015 69515 US dollars Median household income 2016 71977 US dollars Median household income 2017 74923 US dollars Median household income 2018 78084 US dollars Median household income 2019 81275 US dollars Median household income 2020 83173 US dollars Median household income 2021 88005 US dollars Median household income 2022 94814 US dollars Median household income 2023 98317 US dollars Median household income 2024 100389 US dollars Median home value 2011 529500 US dollars Median home value 2012 517000 US dollars Median home value 2013 503100 US dollars Median home value 2014 504500 US dollars Median home value 2015 515300 US dollars Median home value 2016 538400 US dollars Median home value 2017 563900 US dollars Median home value 2018 587700 US dollars Median home value 2019 615300 US dollars Median home value 2020 636400 US dollars Median home value 2021 662100 US dollars Median home value 2022 764800 US dollars Median home value 2023 808200 US dollars Median home value 2024 839100 US dollars Unemployment rate 2011 6.3710377927948 percent Unemployment rate 2012 6.7136474812203 percent Unemployment rate 2013 7.0770302836735 percent Unemployment rate 2014 6.6899759487523 percent Unemployment rate 2015 6.0796006739777 percent Unemployment rate 2016 5.5116408675773 percent Unemployment rate 2017 4.8687367058564 percent Unemployment rate 2018 4.515407015259 percent Unemployment rate 2019 4.2600773791847 percent Unemployment rate 2020 4.5549360353221 percent Unemployment rate 2021 5.1783183009898 percent Unemployment rate 2022 5.0511685213732 percent Unemployment rate 2023 5.0290558828212 percent Unemployment rate 2024 4.9189532759294 percent === Timeline === 1778 1778 - Captain Cook expedition lands on Kauaʻi — Captain James Cook's expedition landed near Waimea on Kauaʻi, marking a major transition into sustained recorded contact between the Hawaiian Islands and European exploration. 1810 1810 - Kamehameha unifies the Hawaiian Islands — Kamehameha's unification brought the major Hawaiian Islands under one kingdom, creating a foundation for later governance and external relations. 1898 1898 - Hawaiian Islands are annexed by the United States — The Newlands Resolution annexed the Hawaiian Islands to the United States, changing their political status and leading to the later territorial government. 1916 1916 - Hawaii National Park is established — Federal law created Hawaii National Park, protecting major volcanic landscapes on Hawaiʻi and Maui and establishing a long-term conservation framework. 1941 1941 - Attack on Pearl Harbor — The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor made Oʻahu a central site in Pacific War history and led to the United States entering World War II. 1959 1959 - Hawaiʻi becomes a state — Hawaiʻi entered the Union as a state, replacing territorial administration with a formal state-government system. 1986 1986 - Total primary energy production: 16641 Billion Btu - Total energy consumption: 244655 Billion Btu 1987 1987 - Total primary energy production: 18170 Billion Btu - Total energy consumption: 248796 Billion Btu 1988 1988 - Total primary energy production: 19756 Billion Btu - Total energy consumption: 289021 Billion Btu 1989 1989 - Total primary energy production: 28153 Billion Btu - Total energy consumption: 309045 Billion Btu 1990 1990 - Total primary energy production: 27178 Billion Btu - Total energy consumption: 320661 Billion Btu 1991 1991 - Total primary energy production: 26765 Billion Btu - Total energy consumption: 294400 Billion Btu 1992 1992 - Total primary energy production: 26202 Billion Btu - Total energy consumption: 305433 Billion Btu 1993 1993 - Total primary energy production: 26238 Billion Btu - Total energy consumption: 281060 Billion Btu 1994 1994 - Total primary energy production: 23020 Billion Btu - Total energy consumption: 296649 Billion Btu 1995 1995 - Total primary energy production: 22171 Billion Btu - Total energy consumption: 294338 Billion Btu 1996 1996 - Total primary energy production: 21531 Billion Btu - Total energy consumption: 280503 Billion Btu 1997 1997 - Total primary energy production: 19937 Billion Btu - Total energy consumption: 270917 Billion Btu 1998 1998 - Total primary energy production: 19091 Billion Btu - Total energy consumption: 270821 Billion Btu 1999 1999 - Total primary energy production: 19430 Billion Btu - Total energy consumption: 267015 Billion Btu 2000 2000 - Total primary energy production: 17784 Billion Btu - Total energy consumption: 270704 Billion Btu 2001 2001 - Total primary energy production: 10241 Billion Btu - Total energy consumption: 267970 Billion Btu 2002 2002 - Total primary energy production: 9299 Billion Btu - Total energy consumption: 283505 Billion Btu 2003 2003 - Total primary energy production: 11487 Billion Btu - Total energy consumption: 299086 Billion Btu 2004 2004 - Total primary energy production: 11680 Billion Btu - Total energy consumption: 312623 Billion Btu 2005 2005 - Total primary energy production: 10784 Billion Btu - Total energy consumption: 322560 Billion Btu 2006 2006 - Total primary energy production: 11289 Billion Btu - Total energy consumption: 324507 Billion Btu 2007 2007 - Total primary energy production: 11350 Billion Btu - Total energy consumption: 334047 Billion Btu 2008 2008 - Total primary energy production: 12201 Billion Btu - Total energy consumption: 272843 Billion Btu 2009 2009 - Total primary energy production: 12213 Billion Btu - Total energy consumption: 272233 Billion Btu 2010 2010 - Total primary energy production: 11494 Billion Btu - Total energy consumption: 294039 Billion Btu 2011 2011 - Total primary energy production: 11781 Billion Btu - Total energy consumption: 297974 Billion Btu 2012 2012 - Total primary energy production: 11967 Billion Btu - Total energy consumption: 291000 Billion Btu - Population: 1362730 persons - Median household income: 67492 US dollars - Median home value: 517000 US dollars - Unemployment rate: 6.7136474812203 percent 2013 2013 - Total primary energy production: 14827 Billion Btu - Total energy consumption: 293753 Billion Btu - Population: 1376298 persons - Median household income: 67402 US dollars - Median home value: 503100 US dollars - Unemployment rate: 7.0770302836735 percent 2014 2014 - Total primary energy production: 15172 Billion Btu - Total energy consumption: 285589 Billion Btu - Population: 1392704 persons - Median household income: 68201 US dollars - Median home value: 504500 US dollars - Unemployment rate: 6.6899759487523 percent 2015 2015 - Total primary energy production: 15203 Billion Btu - Total energy consumption: 288564 Billion Btu - Population: 1406299 persons - Median household income: 69515 US dollars - Median home value: 515300 US dollars - Unemployment rate: 6.0796006739777 percent 2016 2016 - Total primary energy production: 16893 Billion Btu - Total energy consumption: 289196 Billion Btu - Population: 1413673 persons - Median household income: 71977 US dollars - Median home value: 538400 US dollars - Unemployment rate: 5.5116408675773 percent 2017 2017 - Total primary energy production: 14973 Billion Btu - Total energy consumption: 295642 Billion Btu - Population: 1421658 persons - Median household income: 74923 US dollars - Median home value: 563900 US dollars - Unemployment rate: 4.8687367058564 percent 2018 2018 - Total primary energy production: 14790 Billion Btu - Total energy consumption: 294449 Billion Btu - Population: 1422029 persons - Median household income: 78084 US dollars - Median home value: 587700 US dollars - Unemployment rate: 4.515407015259 percent - Major Kīlauea eruption and summit collapse — A major lower East Rift Zone eruption and summit collapse at Kīlauea caused extensive impacts to communities, roads and natural landscapes on Hawaiʻi Island. 2019 2019 - Total primary energy production: 14258 Billion Btu - Total energy consumption: 296631 Billion Btu - Population: 1422094 persons - Median household income: 81275 US dollars - Median home value: 615300 US dollars - Unemployment rate: 4.2600773791847 percent 2020 2020 - Total primary energy production: 15085 Billion Btu - Total energy consumption: 219585 Billion Btu - Population: 1420074 persons - Median household income: 83173 US dollars - Median home value: 636400 US dollars - Unemployment rate: 4.5549360353221 percent 2021 2021 - Total primary energy production: 16621 Billion Btu - Total energy consumption: 255903 Billion Btu - Population: 1453498 persons - Median household income: 88005 US dollars - Median home value: 662100 US dollars - Unemployment rate: 5.1783183009898 percent 2022 2022 - Total primary energy production: 16920 Billion Btu - Total energy consumption: 270404 Billion Btu - Population: 1450589 persons - Median household income: 94814 US dollars - Median home value: 764800 US dollars - Unemployment rate: 5.0511685213732 percent 2023 2023 - Total primary energy production: 17482 Billion Btu - Total energy consumption: 271755 Billion Btu - Population: 1445635 persons - Median household income: 98317 US dollars - Median home value: 808200 US dollars - Unemployment rate: 5.0290558828212 percent - Maui wildfires and the Lahaina fire — Major wildfires on Maui caused severe loss of life, housing and cultural assets, including catastrophic damage in Lahaina, and began a long recovery process. 2024 2024 - Total primary energy production: 17856 Billion Btu - Total energy consumption: 271819 Billion Btu - Population: 1445235 persons - Median household income: 100389 US dollars - Median home value: 839100 US dollars - Unemployment rate: 4.9189532759294 percent 2025 2025 - Hawaiʻi enacts the Green Fee climate-resilience policy — Hawaiʻi enacted the Green Fee policy to direct additional visitor-accommodation and cruise-related tax revenue toward environmental stewardship, climate and hazard mitigation, and sustainable tourism. === Regional places === - Government: Honolulu — Honolulu is Hawaiʻi's capital and the state's main hub for government, air transport, higher education and urban culture. - Nature & parks: Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park — Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park protects volcanic landscapes centered on Kīlauea and Mauna Loa together with native ecosystems and Native Hawaiian cultural landscapes. - Nature & parks: Haleakalā National Park — Haleakalā National Park stretches from the volcanic summit landscape to the Kīpahulu coast and protects native ecosystems and Hawaiian cultural resources. - historic: Pearl Harbor National Memorial — Pearl Harbor National Memorial preserves wartime history on Oʻahu and interprets the attack, its victims and the broader Pacific War. - Transport: Daniel K. Inouye International Airport — Daniel K. Inouye International Airport in Honolulu is Hawaiʻi's largest airport and a key hub for interisland, mainland and international travel. - Education: University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa — The University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa is a major public research university in Honolulu and an important center for education, research and Asia-Pacific studies. === Sources === - US_EIA TEPRB https://api.eia.gov/v2/seds/data/ - US_EIA TETCB https://api.eia.gov/v2/seds/data/ - US_CENSUS_DATA_API B01003_001E https://api.census.gov/data/2024/acs/acs5 - US_CENSUS_DATA_API B19013_001E https://api.census.gov/data/2024/acs/acs5 - US_CENSUS_DATA_API B25077_001E https://api.census.gov/data/2024/acs/acs5 - US_CENSUS_DATA_API B23025_003E+B23025_005E https://api.census.gov/data/2024/acs/acs5