{ "contract": "GMI_DATALAB_PUBLIC_EXPORT_V1", "report_id": "RH-3A735AD103A3A0E0", "region_id": "US-HI", "language": "en", "title": "Hawaii Population, Economy, Jobs & Key Trends | Data Lab", "url": "https://greenblog.co.kr/en/data-report/hawaii-population-economy-jobs-key-trends-data-lab/", "region": { "region_key": "us_hi", "region_id": "US-HI", "region_name": "Hawaii", "geo_level": "state" }, "region_profile": [ { "label": "Geography level", "value": "State" }, { "label": "Parent geography", "value": "United States" }, { "label": "Capital", "value": "Honolulu" }, { "label": "Capital", "value": "Honolulu" }, { "label": "Major education and research anchor", "value": "University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa" }, { "label": "Latest population", "value": "1.45M" }, { "label": "Tracked indicators", "value": "6" }, { "label": "Observation period", "value": "1778–2025" } ], "coverage": { "period_start": "1778", "period_end": "2025" }, "template_id": "trend_dashboard", "metrics": [ { "metric_key": "EIA_SEDS:TEPRB", "label": "Total primary energy production", "topic": "energy", "unit": "Billion Btu", "provider": "US_EIA", "source_url": "https://api.eia.gov/v2/seds/data/", "dataset_key": "TEPRB", "observations": [ { "period": "1985", "value": 14573 }, { "period": "1986", "value": 16641 }, { "period": "1987", "value": 18170 }, { "period": "1988", "value": 19756 }, { "period": "1989", "value": 28153 }, { "period": "1990", "value": 27178 }, { "period": "1991", "value": 26765 }, { "period": "1992", "value": 26202 }, { "period": "1993", "value": 26238 }, { "period": "1994", "value": 23020 }, { "period": "1995", "value": 22171 }, { "period": "1996", "value": 21531 }, { "period": "1997", "value": 19937 }, { "period": "1998", "value": 19091 }, { "period": "1999", "value": 19430 }, { "period": "2000", "value": 17784 }, { "period": "2001", "value": 10241 }, { "period": "2002", "value": 9299 }, { "period": "2003", "value": 11487 }, { "period": "2004", "value": 11680 }, { "period": "2005", "value": 10784 }, { "period": "2006", "value": 11289 }, { "period": "2007", "value": 11350 }, { "period": "2008", "value": 12201 }, { "period": "2009", "value": 12213 }, { "period": "2010", "value": 11494 }, { "period": "2011", "value": 11781 }, { "period": "2012", "value": 11967 }, { "period": "2013", "value": 14827 }, { "period": "2014", "value": 15172 }, { "period": "2015", "value": 15203 }, { "period": "2016", "value": 16893 }, { "period": "2017", "value": 14973 }, { "period": "2018", "value": 14790 }, { "period": "2019", "value": 14258 }, { "period": "2020", "value": 15085 }, { "period": "2021", "value": 16621 }, { "period": "2022", "value": 16920 }, { "period": "2023", "value": 17482 }, { "period": "2024", "value": 17856 } ], "summary": { "first_period": "1985", "first_value": 14573, "latest_period": "2024", "latest_value": 17856, "change": 3283, "change_pct": 22.527962670692375 } }, { "metric_key": "EIA_SEDS:TETCB", "label": "Total energy consumption", "topic": "energy", "unit": "Billion Btu", "provider": "US_EIA", "source_url": "https://api.eia.gov/v2/seds/data/", "dataset_key": "TETCB", "observations": [ { "period": "1985", "value": 247820 }, { "period": "1986", "value": 244655 }, { "period": "1987", "value": 248796 }, { "period": "1988", "value": 289021 }, { "period": "1989", "value": 309045 }, { "period": "1990", "value": 320661 }, { "period": "1991", "value": 294400 }, { "period": "1992", "value": 305433 }, { "period": "1993", "value": 281060 }, { "period": "1994", "value": 296649 }, { "period": "1995", "value": 294338 }, { "period": "1996", "value": 280503 }, { "period": "1997", "value": 270917 }, { "period": "1998", "value": 270821 }, { "period": "1999", "value": 267015 }, { "period": "2000", "value": 270704 }, { "period": "2001", "value": 267970 }, { "period": "2002", "value": 283505 }, { "period": "2003", "value": 299086 }, { "period": "2004", "value": 312623 }, { "period": "2005", "value": 322560 }, { "period": "2006", "value": 324507 }, { "period": "2007", "value": 334047 }, { "period": "2008", "value": 272843 }, { "period": "2009", "value": 272233 }, { "period": "2010", "value": 294039 }, { "period": "2011", "value": 297974 }, { "period": "2012", "value": 291000 }, { "period": "2013", "value": 293753 }, { "period": "2014", "value": 285589 }, { "period": "2015", "value": 288564 }, { "period": "2016", "value": 289196 }, { "period": "2017", "value": 295642 }, { "period": "2018", "value": 294449 }, { "period": "2019", "value": 296631 }, { "period": "2020", "value": 219585 }, { "period": "2021", "value": 255903 }, { "period": "2022", "value": 270404 }, { "period": "2023", "value": 271755 }, { "period": "2024", "value": 271819 } ], "summary": { "first_period": "1985", "first_value": 247820, "latest_period": "2024", "latest_value": 271819, "change": 23999, "change_pct": 9.68404487127754 } }, { "metric_key": "ACS:B01003_001E", "label": "Population", "topic": "population", "unit": "persons", "provider": "US_CENSUS_DATA_API", "source_url": "https://api.census.gov/data/2024/acs/acs5", "dataset_key": "B01003_001E", "observations": [ { "period": "2011", "value": 1346554 }, { "period": "2012", "value": 1362730 }, { "period": "2013", "value": 1376298 }, { "period": "2014", "value": 1392704 }, { "period": "2015", "value": 1406299 }, { "period": "2016", "value": 1413673 }, { "period": "2017", "value": 1421658 }, { "period": "2018", "value": 1422029 }, { "period": "2019", "value": 1422094 }, { "period": "2020", "value": 1420074 }, { "period": "2021", "value": 1453498 }, { "period": "2022", "value": 1450589 }, { "period": "2023", "value": 1445635 }, { "period": "2024", "value": 1445235 } ], "summary": { "first_period": "2011", "first_value": 1346554, "latest_period": "2024", "latest_value": 1445235, "change": 98681, "change_pct": 7.328410149165945 } }, { "metric_key": "ACS:B19013_001E", "label": "Median household income", "topic": "income", "unit": "US dollars", "provider": "US_CENSUS_DATA_API", "source_url": "https://api.census.gov/data/2024/acs/acs5", "dataset_key": "B19013_001E", "observations": [ { "period": "2011", "value": 67116 }, { "period": "2012", "value": 67492 }, { "period": "2013", "value": 67402 }, { "period": "2014", "value": 68201 }, { "period": "2015", "value": 69515 }, { "period": "2016", "value": 71977 }, { "period": "2017", "value": 74923 }, { "period": "2018", "value": 78084 }, { "period": "2019", "value": 81275 }, { "period": "2020", "value": 83173 }, { "period": "2021", "value": 88005 }, { "period": "2022", "value": 94814 }, { "period": "2023", "value": 98317 }, { "period": "2024", "value": 100389 } ], "summary": { "first_period": "2011", "first_value": 67116, "latest_period": "2024", "latest_value": 100389, "change": 33273, "change_pct": 49.575362059717506 } }, { "metric_key": "ACS:B25077_001E", "label": "Median home value", "topic": "housing", "unit": "US dollars", "provider": "US_CENSUS_DATA_API", "source_url": "https://api.census.gov/data/2024/acs/acs5", "dataset_key": "B25077_001E", "observations": [ { "period": "2011", "value": 529500 }, { "period": "2012", "value": 517000 }, { "period": "2013", "value": 503100 }, { "period": "2014", "value": 504500 }, { "period": "2015", "value": 515300 }, { "period": "2016", "value": 538400 }, { "period": "2017", "value": 563900 }, { "period": "2018", "value": 587700 }, { "period": "2019", "value": 615300 }, { "period": "2020", "value": 636400 }, { "period": "2021", "value": 662100 }, { "period": "2022", "value": 764800 }, { "period": "2023", "value": 808200 }, { "period": "2024", "value": 839100 } ], "summary": { "first_period": "2011", "first_value": 529500, "latest_period": "2024", "latest_value": 839100, "change": 309600, "change_pct": 58.47025495750708 } }, { "metric_key": "ACS:UNEMPLOYMENT_RATE", "label": "Unemployment rate", "topic": "employment", "unit": "percent", "provider": "US_CENSUS_DATA_API", "source_url": "https://api.census.gov/data/2024/acs/acs5", "dataset_key": "B23025_003E+B23025_005E", "observations": [ { "period": "2011", "value": 6.371037792794782 }, { "period": "2012", "value": 6.713647481220262 }, { "period": "2013", "value": 7.077030283673529 }, { "period": "2014", "value": 6.689975948752341 }, { "period": "2015", "value": 6.079600673977676 }, { "period": "2016", "value": 5.511640867577312 }, { "period": "2017", "value": 4.868736705856362 }, { "period": "2018", "value": 4.5154070152590196 }, { "period": "2019", "value": 4.260077379184746 }, { "period": "2020", "value": 4.554936035322088 }, { "period": "2021", "value": 5.178318300989751 }, { "period": "2022", "value": 5.051168521373196 }, { "period": "2023", "value": 5.029055882821207 }, { "period": "2024", "value": 4.918953275929394 } ], "summary": { "first_period": "2011", "first_value": 6.371037792794782, "latest_period": "2024", "latest_value": 4.918953275929394, "change": -1.452084516865388, "change_pct": -22.791962064761233 } } ], "timeline": [ { "year": "1778", "period": "1778", "label": "1778", "branches": [ { "kind": "context_event", "topic": "history", "source_name": "National Park Service", "source_url": "https://www.nps.gov/places/cook-landing-site.htm", "event_type": "historical_contact", "policy_domain": "exploration_and_contact", "issuer": "Captain James Cook expedition", "announcement_date": "1778-01-20", "effective_date": "1778-01-20", "official_document_title": "Cook Landing Site", "policy_status": "completed", "event_title_ko": "Captain Cook expedition의 Kauaʻi 상륙", "event_text_ko": "Captain James Cook의 expedition이 Kauaʻi 서쪽 Waimea 인근에 상륙하면서 Hawaiian Islands와 유럽 탐험대 사이의 지속적인 기록 접촉이 시작되는 중요한 역사적 전환이 나타났다.", "event_summary_ko": "Cook expedition은 Oʻahu와 Kauaʻi를 확인한 뒤 Waimea 인근에 상륙했고, 이 사건은 Hawaiian Islands의 기록 역사에서 중요한 대외접촉 이정표가 됐다.", "event_significance_ko": "기존 타임라인의 Hawaiian Kingdom 통일보다 앞선 시기의 중요한 국제접촉 사건으로 지역 역사 범위를 넓힌다.", "event_regional_context_ko": "Kauaʻi와 Waimea는 이후 Hawaiian history에서 초기 유럽 탐험과 교류를 설명하는 대표 장소가 됐다.", "event_background_ko": "Cook은 Pacific 북부 탐사를 진행하던 중 Hawaiian Islands를 확인했고 Kauaʻi에서 식수와 물자를 확보하기 위해 상륙했다.", "event_outcome_ko": "이후 Hawaiʻi와 외부 선박·상인·탐험가 사이의 접촉이 확대되며 섬의 정치·경제·사회환경에 장기적인 변화가 이어졌다.", "event_data_context_ko": "현대 인구·소득·주택·고용·에너지 통계보다 훨씬 이전의 역사적 사건이므로 최근 지표 변화의 직접 원인으로 사용하지 않는다.", "event_title_en": "Captain Cook expedition lands on Kauaʻi", "event_text_en": "Captain James Cook's expedition landed near Waimea on Kauaʻi, marking a major transition into sustained recorded contact between the Hawaiian Islands and European exploration.", "event_summary_en": "After sighting Oʻahu and Kauaʻi, Cook's expedition landed near Waimea, creating a major recorded-contact milestone in Hawaiian history.", "event_significance_en": "It extends the regional timeline before the unification of the Hawaiian Kingdom with a major milestone in international contact.", "event_regional_context_en": "Kauaʻi and Waimea became important locations for interpreting the earliest era of sustained European exploration and exchange in Hawaiian history.", "event_background_en": "Cook encountered the Hawaiian Islands during Pacific exploration and landed on Kauaʻi while seeking water and provisions.", "event_outcome_en": "External maritime contact expanded afterward, becoming part of the long-term transformation of Hawaiʻi's political, economic and social environment.", "event_data_context_en": "The event predates modern population, income, housing, labor and energy data and is not treated as a direct cause of recent statistical changes.", "event_title_es": "La expedición de Captain Cook desembarca en Kauaʻi", "event_text_es": "La expedición de Captain James Cook desembarcó cerca de Waimea en Kauaʻi y marcó una transición importante hacia un contacto registrado y sostenido entre las islas hawaianas y la exploración europea.", "event_summary_es": "Después de avistar Oʻahu y Kauaʻi, la expedición de Cook desembarcó cerca de Waimea y creó un hito importante de contacto registrado en la historia hawaiana.", "event_significance_es": "Amplía la cronología regional antes de la unificación del Hawaiian Kingdom con un importante hito de contacto internacional.", "event_regional_context_es": "Kauaʻi y Waimea se convirtieron en lugares importantes para interpretar la primera etapa de exploración e intercambio europeo sostenido en la historia hawaiana.", "event_background_es": "Cook encontró las islas hawaianas durante la exploración del Pacífico y desembarcó en Kauaʻi en busca de agua y provisiones.", "event_outcome_es": "El contacto marítimo exterior aumentó posteriormente y pasó a formar parte de la transformación de largo plazo del entorno político, económico y social de Hawaiʻi.", "event_data_context_es": "El evento es muy anterior a los datos modernos de población, ingresos, vivienda, empleo y energía y no se trata como causa directa de cambios estadísticos recientes.", "event_related_places": [ "Waimea, Kauaʻi", "Kauaʻi" ], "event_title": "Captain Cook expedition lands on Kauaʻi", "event_text": "Captain James Cook's expedition landed near Waimea on Kauaʻi, marking a major transition into sustained recorded contact between the Hawaiian Islands and European exploration." } ] }, { "year": "1810", "period": "1810", "label": "1810", "branches": [ { "kind": "context_event", "topic": "administration", "source_name": "National Archives", "source_url": "https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/joint-resolution-for-annexing-the-hawaiian-islands", "event_type": "political_unification", "policy_domain": "kingdom_governance", "issuer": "Kingdom of Hawaiʻi", "announcement_date": "1810", "effective_date": "1810", "official_document_title": "Unification of the Hawaiian Islands", "policy_status": "completed", "event_title_ko": "Kamehameha가 Hawaiian Islands 통일", "event_text_ko": "Kamehameha의 통일로 주요 Hawaiian Islands가 하나의 왕국 아래 결합되며 이후 국가 행정과 대외관계의 토대가 마련됐다.", "event_summary_ko": "Kamehameha의 통일로 주요 Hawaiian Islands가 하나의 왕국 아래 결합되며 이후 국가 행정과 대외관계의 토대가 마련됐다.", "event_significance_ko": "현대 Hawaiʻi의 정치·문화사를 이해할 때 식민지·미국 편입 이전의 중요한 국가형성 이정표다.", "event_regional_context_ko": "왕국 시기의 제도·토지·외교 변화는 이후 Hawaiʻi 정치사의 중요한 배경이 됐다.", "event_background_ko": "여러 섬의 정치적 통합이 이루어지면서 통일된 왕국 체계가 자리 잡았다.", "event_outcome_ko": "이후 Hawaiian Kingdom은 독자적인 정부와 대외관계를 발전시켰다.", "event_data_context_ko": "현대 ACS 통계보다 훨씬 이전의 역사적 배경으로 최근 인구·주택·소득 변화의 직접 원인으로 해석하지 않는다.", "event_title_en": "Kamehameha unifies the Hawaiian Islands", "event_text_en": "Kamehameha's unification brought the major Hawaiian Islands under one kingdom, creating a foundation for later governance and external relations.", "event_summary_en": "Kamehameha's unification brought the major Hawaiian Islands under one kingdom, creating a foundation for later governance and external relations.", "event_significance_en": "It is a foundational state-formation milestone for understanding Hawaiʻi before annexation and later U.S. statehood.", "event_regional_context_en": "Institutions, land systems and foreign relations developed under the kingdom became important background for later Hawaiian history.", "event_background_en": "Political consolidation across the islands established a unified kingdom.", "event_outcome_en": "The Hawaiian Kingdom later developed its own governmental and diplomatic institutions.", "event_data_context_en": "This is historical context long before the ACS series and is not treated as a direct cause of recent population, housing or income trends.", "event_title_es": "Kamehameha unifica las islas hawaianas", "event_text_es": "La unificación de Kamehameha reunió las principales islas hawaianas bajo un solo reino y creó una base para el gobierno y las relaciones exteriores posteriores.", "event_summary_es": "La unificación de Kamehameha reunió las principales islas hawaianas bajo un solo reino y creó una base para el gobierno y las relaciones exteriores posteriores.", "event_significance_es": "Es un hito fundamental de formación estatal para comprender Hawaiʻi antes de la anexión y la posterior condición de estado de Estados Unidos.", "event_regional_context_es": "Las instituciones, sistemas de tierras y relaciones exteriores desarrollados bajo el reino se convirtieron en un contexto importante de la historia posterior de Hawaiʻi.", "event_background_es": "La consolidación política entre las islas estableció un reino unificado.", "event_outcome_es": "El Reino de Hawaiʻi desarrolló posteriormente sus propias instituciones gubernamentales y diplomáticas.", "event_data_context_es": "Es un contexto histórico muy anterior a las series ACS y no se trata como causa directa de tendencias recientes de población, vivienda o ingresos.", "event_related_places": [ "Hawaiian Islands" ], "event_title": "Kamehameha unifies the Hawaiian Islands", "event_text": "Kamehameha's unification brought the major Hawaiian Islands under one kingdom, creating a foundation for later governance and external relations." } ] }, { "year": "1898", "period": "1898", "label": "1898", "branches": [ { "kind": "context_event", "topic": "administration", "source_name": "National Archives", "source_url": "https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/joint-resolution-for-annexing-the-hawaiian-islands", "event_type": "annexation", "policy_domain": "territorial_status", "issuer": "United States Government", "announcement_date": "1898-07-07", "effective_date": "1898-07-07", "official_document_title": "Joint Resolution to Provide for Annexing the Hawaiian Islands to the United States", "policy_status": "enacted", "event_title_ko": "Hawaiian Islands의 미국 편입", "event_text_ko": "미국 의회와 대통령의 Newlands Resolution으로 Hawaiian Islands가 미국에 편입되며 이후 Territory 체제로 이어지는 정치적 지위 변화가 일어났다.", "event_summary_ko": "미국 의회와 대통령의 Newlands Resolution으로 Hawaiian Islands가 미국에 편입되며 이후 Territory 체제로 이어지는 정치적 지위 변화가 일어났다.", "event_significance_ko": "Hawaiʻi의 주권·토지·행정과 미국과의 관계를 이해하는 데 중요한 역사적 전환점이다.", "event_regional_context_ko": "이 사건은 이후 Territory 설치와 주 승격으로 이어지는 제도 변화의 배경이 됐다.", "event_background_ko": "편입 과정은 Hawaiian 정치사에서 논쟁이 큰 사건이며 당시 Native Hawaiian의 반대도 공식 기록에 남아 있다.", "event_outcome_ko": "미국 편입 이후 Hawaiʻi는 Territory 체제로 전환하는 제도적 과정을 거쳤다.", "event_data_context_ko": "현대 통계 흐름과 직접 인과관계를 두지 않고 장기 정치·행정사 맥락으로 사용한다.", "event_title_en": "Hawaiian Islands are annexed by the United States", "event_text_en": "The Newlands Resolution annexed the Hawaiian Islands to the United States, changing their political status and leading to the later territorial government.", "event_summary_en": "The Newlands Resolution annexed the Hawaiian Islands to the United States, changing their political status and leading to the later territorial government.", "event_significance_en": "It is a major historical turning point for understanding sovereignty, land, governance and Hawaiʻi's relationship with the United States.", "event_regional_context_en": "The annexation became the institutional background for the later territorial period and eventual statehood.", "event_background_en": "The annexation remains a contested episode in Hawaiian history, and official records preserve Native Hawaiian opposition to the process.", "event_outcome_en": "After annexation, Hawaiʻi moved through the institutional process that created territorial government.", "event_data_context_en": "It is used as long-run political and administrative context rather than as a direct cause of modern statistical trends.", "event_title_es": "Las islas hawaianas son anexadas por Estados Unidos", "event_text_es": "La Newlands Resolution anexó las islas hawaianas a Estados Unidos, cambió su estatus político y condujo posteriormente al gobierno territorial.", "event_summary_es": "La Newlands Resolution anexó las islas hawaianas a Estados Unidos, cambió su estatus político y condujo posteriormente al gobierno territorial.", "event_significance_es": "Es un punto de inflexión histórico importante para comprender soberanía, tierras, gobierno y la relación de Hawaiʻi con Estados Unidos.", "event_regional_context_es": "La anexión se convirtió en el contexto institucional del posterior periodo territorial y la eventual condición de estado.", "event_background_es": "La anexión sigue siendo un episodio controvertido de la historia hawaiana y los registros oficiales conservan la oposición Native Hawaiian al proceso.", "event_outcome_es": "Después de la anexión, Hawaiʻi pasó por el proceso institucional que creó el gobierno territorial.", "event_data_context_es": "Se utiliza como contexto político y administrativo de largo plazo y no como causa directa de tendencias estadísticas modernas.", "event_related_places": [ "Hawaiian Islands", "Honolulu" ], "event_title": "Hawaiian Islands are annexed by the United States", "event_text": "The Newlands Resolution annexed the Hawaiian Islands to the United States, changing their political status and leading to the later territorial government." } ] }, { "year": "1916", "period": "1916", "label": "1916", "branches": [ { "kind": "context_event", "topic": "conservation", "source_name": "National Park Service", "source_url": "https://www.nps.gov/havo/learn/management/mgmtdocs_fedlaws.htm", "event_type": "policy_enactment", "policy_domain": "national_park_conservation", "issuer": "United States Congress", "announcement_date": "1916-08-01", "effective_date": "1916-08-01", "official_document_title": "Act to establish a national park in the Territory of Hawaii", "policy_status": "enacted", "event_title_ko": "Hawaii National Park 설립", "event_text_ko": "연방법으로 Hawaiʻi와 Maui의 주요 화산경관이 국립공원으로 지정되어 화산·생태·문화자원 보전의 장기 틀이 마련됐다.", "event_summary_ko": "연방법으로 Hawaiʻi와 Maui의 주요 화산경관이 국립공원으로 지정되어 화산·생태·문화자원 보전의 장기 틀이 마련됐다.", "event_significance_ko": "오늘날 Hawaiʻi Volcanoes와 Haleakalā 국립공원으로 이어지는 자연보호·관광정책의 핵심 출발점이다.", "event_regional_context_ko": "활화산·고유 생태계·Native Hawaiian 문화경관이 공공 보전과 연구의 주요 대상으로 자리 잡는 계기가 됐다.", "event_background_ko": "화산경관의 과학적·관광적 가치에 대한 관심이 연방 보호지역 설립으로 이어졌다.", "event_outcome_ko": "이후 공원은 분리·재지정되며 Hawaiʻi Volcanoes와 Haleakalā의 독립된 국립공원 체계로 발전했다.", "event_data_context_ko": "현대 경제지표의 직접 원인으로 보지 않고 자연보전·관광·문화자원 관리의 장기 배경으로 사용한다.", "event_title_en": "Hawaii National Park is established", "event_text_en": "Federal law created Hawaii National Park, protecting major volcanic landscapes on Hawaiʻi and Maui and establishing a long-term conservation framework.", "event_summary_en": "Federal law created Hawaii National Park, protecting major volcanic landscapes on Hawaiʻi and Maui and establishing a long-term conservation framework.", "event_significance_en": "It is the foundational conservation milestone behind today's Hawaiʻi Volcanoes and Haleakalā national parks.", "event_regional_context_en": "Volcanic landscapes, native ecosystems and Native Hawaiian cultural resources became central subjects of public conservation and research.", "event_background_en": "Scientific and public interest in the volcanic landscapes contributed to federal park protection.", "event_outcome_en": "The original park was later divided and redesignated into the separate Hawaiʻi Volcanoes and Haleakalā national parks.", "event_data_context_en": "It is used as long-run conservation, tourism and cultural-resource context rather than as a direct cause of modern economic indicators.", "event_title_es": "Se establece Hawaii National Park", "event_text_es": "La ley federal creó Hawaii National Park, protegió importantes paisajes volcánicos de Hawaiʻi y Maui y estableció un marco de conservación de largo plazo.", "event_summary_es": "La ley federal creó Hawaii National Park, protegió importantes paisajes volcánicos de Hawaiʻi y Maui y estableció un marco de conservación de largo plazo.", "event_significance_es": "Es el hito de conservación fundamental detrás de los actuales parques nacionales Hawaiʻi Volcanoes y Haleakalā.", "event_regional_context_es": "Los paisajes volcánicos, ecosistemas nativos y recursos culturales Native Hawaiian pasaron a ser objetos centrales de conservación e investigación pública.", "event_background_es": "El interés científico y público por los paisajes volcánicos contribuyó a su protección federal.", "event_outcome_es": "El parque original fue posteriormente dividido y redesignado en los parques nacionales separados de Hawaiʻi Volcanoes y Haleakalā.", "event_data_context_es": "Se utiliza como contexto de largo plazo de conservación, turismo y gestión cultural y no como causa directa de indicadores económicos modernos.", "event_related_places": [ "Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park", "Haleakalā National Park" ], "event_title": "Hawaii National Park is established", "event_text": "Federal law created Hawaii National Park, protecting major volcanic landscapes on Hawaiʻi and Maui and establishing a long-term conservation framework." } ] }, { "year": "1941", "period": "1941", "label": "1941", "branches": [ { "kind": "context_event", "topic": "history", "source_name": "National Park Service", "source_url": "https://www.nps.gov/perl/index.htm", "event_type": "military_attack", "policy_domain": "war_history", "issuer": "Imperial Japanese Navy / United States", "announcement_date": "1941-12-07", "effective_date": "1941-12-07", "official_document_title": "Attack on Pearl Harbor", "policy_status": "completed", "event_title_ko": "Pearl Harbor 공격", "event_text_ko": "Oʻahu의 Pearl Harbor에 대한 일본군 공격으로 Hawaiʻi가 Pacific War의 중심 역사 공간이 되었고 미국의 제이차 세계대전 참전으로 이어졌다.", "event_summary_ko": "Oʻahu의 Pearl Harbor에 대한 일본군 공격으로 Hawaiʻi가 Pacific War의 중심 역사 공간이 되었고 미국의 제이차 세계대전 참전으로 이어졌다.", "event_significance_ko": "Hawaiʻi의 군사·이민·사회·기억문화에 장기 영향을 남긴 세계사적 사건이다.", "event_regional_context_ko": "Pearl Harbor National Memorial과 여러 관련 시설이 이 역사와 희생을 보존·해설하고 있다.", "event_background_ko": "공격 이전 Pearl Harbor는 이미 미국의 주요 Pacific naval base로 발전해 있었다.", "event_outcome_ko": "이후 전시 동원과 군사 인프라 확대가 Hawaiʻi의 사회·공간 구조에 큰 영향을 주었다.", "event_data_context_ko": "현대 ACS 지표와 직접 연결하지 않고 전쟁·군사·기억문화의 역사 맥락으로 해석한다.", "event_title_en": "Attack on Pearl Harbor", "event_text_en": "The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor made Oʻahu a central site in Pacific War history and led to the United States entering World War II.", "event_summary_en": "The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor made Oʻahu a central site in Pacific War history and led to the United States entering World War II.", "event_significance_en": "It is a globally significant event with long-lasting effects on Hawaiʻi's military, social and commemorative history.", "event_regional_context_en": "Pearl Harbor National Memorial and related sites preserve and interpret the history and sacrifice associated with the attack.", "event_background_en": "Before the attack, Pearl Harbor had already developed into a major U.S. naval base in the Pacific.", "event_outcome_en": "Wartime mobilization and military infrastructure expansion subsequently reshaped Hawaiʻi's social and spatial landscape.", "event_data_context_en": "It is treated as war, military and memorial-history context rather than as a direct cause of modern ACS trends.", "event_title_es": "Ataque a Pearl Harbor", "event_text_es": "El ataque japonés a Pearl Harbor convirtió Oʻahu en un lugar central de la historia de la Guerra del Pacífico y llevó a la entrada de Estados Unidos en la Segunda Guerra Mundial.", "event_summary_es": "El ataque japonés a Pearl Harbor convirtió Oʻahu en un lugar central de la historia de la Guerra del Pacífico y llevó a la entrada de Estados Unidos en la Segunda Guerra Mundial.", "event_significance_es": "Es un acontecimiento de importancia mundial con efectos duraderos sobre la historia militar, social y conmemorativa de Hawaiʻi.", "event_regional_context_es": "Pearl Harbor National Memorial y otros sitios relacionados conservan e interpretan la historia y los sacrificios asociados con el ataque.", "event_background_es": "Antes del ataque, Pearl Harbor ya se había desarrollado como una importante base naval estadounidense en el Pacífico.", "event_outcome_es": "La movilización de guerra y la expansión de infraestructura militar transformaron posteriormente el paisaje social y espacial de Hawaiʻi.", "event_data_context_es": "Se trata como contexto de guerra, militar y memoria histórica y no como causa directa de las tendencias ACS modernas.", "event_related_places": [ "Pearl Harbor", "Oʻahu" ], "event_title": "Attack on Pearl Harbor", "event_text": "The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor made Oʻahu a central site in Pacific War history and led to the United States entering World War II." } ] }, { "year": "1959", "period": "1959", "label": "1959", "branches": [ { "kind": "context_event", "topic": "administration", "source_name": "Hawaiʻi State Legislature", "source_url": "https://data.capitol.hawaii.gov/hrscurrent/Vol01_Ch0001-0042F/05-CONST/CONST%20.htm", "event_type": "statehood", "policy_domain": "state_governance", "issuer": "United States Government / Hawaiʻi electorate", "announcement_date": "1959-08-21", "effective_date": "1959-08-21", "official_document_title": "Admission of Hawaiʻi into the Union", "policy_status": "implemented", "event_title_ko": "Hawaiʻi 주 승격", "event_text_ko": "Hawaiʻi가 미국의 주로 편입되면서 Territory 정부에서 정식 주정부 체계로 전환됐다.", "event_summary_ko": "Hawaiʻi가 미국의 주로 편입되면서 Territory 정부에서 정식 주정부 체계로 전환됐다.", "event_significance_ko": "현대 Hawaiʻi의 헌정·선거·행정 구조를 이해하는 핵심 제도 이정표다.", "event_regional_context_ko": "현재 주 헌법과 선출 주정부 체계가 작동하는 제도적 기반이 마련됐다.", "event_background_ko": "Territory 시기의 정치적 대표성과 주 승격 논의가 누적된 뒤 제도 변화가 이루어졌다.", "event_outcome_ko": "주 승격 이후 Hawaiʻi는 연방제 아래 자체 입법·행정·사법 체계를 운영하게 됐다.", "event_data_context_ko": "현대 인구·주택·소득 추세의 직접 원인으로 단정하지 않고 장기 행정사 배경으로 사용한다.", "event_title_en": "Hawaiʻi becomes a state", "event_text_en": "Hawaiʻi entered the Union as a state, replacing territorial administration with a formal state-government system.", "event_summary_en": "Hawaiʻi entered the Union as a state, replacing territorial administration with a formal state-government system.", "event_significance_en": "It is the central institutional milestone for understanding modern Hawaiʻi's constitutional, electoral and administrative structure.", "event_regional_context_en": "Statehood established the institutional basis for the current state constitution and elected state government.", "event_background_en": "The change followed the territorial period and long-running debates over political representation and statehood.", "event_outcome_en": "After statehood, Hawaiʻi operated its own legislative, executive and judicial institutions within the federal system.", "event_data_context_en": "It is used as long-run administrative history rather than as a direct explanation for modern population, housing or income trends.", "event_title_es": "Hawaiʻi se convierte en estado", "event_text_es": "Hawaiʻi ingresó en la Unión como estado y sustituyó la administración territorial por un sistema formal de gobierno estatal.", "event_summary_es": "Hawaiʻi ingresó en la Unión como estado y sustituyó la administración territorial por un sistema formal de gobierno estatal.", "event_significance_es": "Es el hito institucional central para comprender la estructura constitucional, electoral y administrativa de la Hawaiʻi moderna.", "event_regional_context_es": "La condición de estado estableció la base institucional de la constitución estatal actual y del gobierno estatal electo.", "event_background_es": "El cambio siguió al periodo territorial y a debates prolongados sobre representación política y condición de estado.", "event_outcome_es": "Después de convertirse en estado, Hawaiʻi pasó a operar sus propias instituciones legislativas, ejecutivas y judiciales dentro del sistema federal.", "event_data_context_es": "Se utiliza como historia administrativa de largo plazo y no como explicación directa de tendencias modernas de población, vivienda o ingresos.", "event_related_places": [ "Honolulu", "Hawaiʻi" ], "event_title": "Hawaiʻi becomes a state", "event_text": "Hawaiʻi entered the Union as a state, replacing territorial administration with a formal state-government system." } ] }, { "period": "1986", "year": "1986", "month": "", "label": "1986", "branches": [ { "kind": "statistic_change", "topic": "energy", "metric_key": "EIA_SEDS:TEPRB", "metric_label": "Total primary energy production", "value": 16641, "previous_value": 14573, "delta": 2068, "unit": "Billion Btu", "source_url": "https://api.eia.gov/v2/seds/data/", "provider": "US_EIA" }, { "kind": "statistic_change", "topic": "energy", "metric_key": "EIA_SEDS:TETCB", "metric_label": "Total energy consumption", "value": 244655, "previous_value": 247820, "delta": -3165, "unit": "Billion Btu", "source_url": "https://api.eia.gov/v2/seds/data/", "provider": "US_EIA" } ] }, { "period": "1987", "year": "1987", "month": "", "label": "1987", "branches": [ { "kind": "statistic_change", "topic": "energy", "metric_key": "EIA_SEDS:TEPRB", "metric_label": "Total primary energy production", "value": 18170, "previous_value": 16641, "delta": 1529, "unit": "Billion Btu", "source_url": "https://api.eia.gov/v2/seds/data/", "provider": "US_EIA" }, { "kind": "statistic_change", "topic": "energy", "metric_key": "EIA_SEDS:TETCB", "metric_label": "Total energy consumption", "value": 248796, "previous_value": 244655, "delta": 4141, "unit": "Billion Btu", "source_url": "https://api.eia.gov/v2/seds/data/", "provider": "US_EIA" } ] }, { "period": "1988", "year": "1988", "month": "", "label": "1988", "branches": [ { "kind": "statistic_change", "topic": "energy", "metric_key": "EIA_SEDS:TEPRB", "metric_label": "Total primary energy production", "value": 19756, "previous_value": 18170, "delta": 1586, "unit": "Billion Btu", "source_url": "https://api.eia.gov/v2/seds/data/", "provider": "US_EIA" }, { "kind": "statistic_change", "topic": "energy", "metric_key": "EIA_SEDS:TETCB", "metric_label": "Total energy consumption", "value": 289021, "previous_value": 248796, "delta": 40225, "unit": "Billion Btu", "source_url": "https://api.eia.gov/v2/seds/data/", "provider": "US_EIA" } ] }, { "period": "1989", "year": "1989", "month": "", "label": "1989", "branches": [ { "kind": "statistic_change", "topic": "energy", "metric_key": "EIA_SEDS:TEPRB", "metric_label": "Total primary energy production", "value": 28153, "previous_value": 19756, "delta": 8397, "unit": "Billion Btu", "source_url": "https://api.eia.gov/v2/seds/data/", "provider": "US_EIA" }, { "kind": "statistic_change", "topic": "energy", "metric_key": "EIA_SEDS:TETCB", "metric_label": "Total energy consumption", "value": 309045, "previous_value": 289021, "delta": 20024, "unit": "Billion Btu", "source_url": "https://api.eia.gov/v2/seds/data/", "provider": "US_EIA" } ] }, { "period": "1990", "year": "1990", "month": "", "label": "1990", "branches": [ { "kind": "statistic_change", "topic": "energy", "metric_key": "EIA_SEDS:TEPRB", "metric_label": "Total primary energy production", "value": 27178, "previous_value": 28153, "delta": -975, "unit": "Billion Btu", "source_url": "https://api.eia.gov/v2/seds/data/", "provider": "US_EIA" }, { "kind": "statistic_change", "topic": "energy", "metric_key": "EIA_SEDS:TETCB", "metric_label": "Total energy consumption", "value": 320661, "previous_value": 309045, "delta": 11616, "unit": "Billion Btu", "source_url": "https://api.eia.gov/v2/seds/data/", "provider": "US_EIA" } ] }, { "period": "1991", "year": "1991", "month": "", "label": "1991", "branches": [ { "kind": "statistic_change", "topic": "energy", "metric_key": "EIA_SEDS:TEPRB", "metric_label": "Total primary energy production", "value": 26765, "previous_value": 27178, "delta": -413, "unit": "Billion Btu", "source_url": "https://api.eia.gov/v2/seds/data/", "provider": "US_EIA" }, { "kind": "statistic_change", "topic": "energy", "metric_key": "EIA_SEDS:TETCB", "metric_label": "Total energy consumption", "value": 294400, "previous_value": 320661, "delta": -26261, "unit": "Billion Btu", "source_url": "https://api.eia.gov/v2/seds/data/", "provider": "US_EIA" } ] }, { "period": "1992", "year": "1992", "month": "", "label": "1992", "branches": [ { "kind": "statistic_change", "topic": "energy", "metric_key": "EIA_SEDS:TEPRB", "metric_label": "Total primary energy production", "value": 26202, "previous_value": 26765, "delta": -563, "unit": "Billion Btu", "source_url": "https://api.eia.gov/v2/seds/data/", "provider": "US_EIA" }, { "kind": "statistic_change", "topic": "energy", "metric_key": "EIA_SEDS:TETCB", "metric_label": "Total energy consumption", "value": 305433, "previous_value": 294400, "delta": 11033, "unit": "Billion Btu", "source_url": "https://api.eia.gov/v2/seds/data/", "provider": "US_EIA" } ] }, { "period": "1993", "year": "1993", "month": "", "label": "1993", "branches": [ { "kind": "statistic_change", "topic": "energy", "metric_key": "EIA_SEDS:TEPRB", "metric_label": "Total primary energy production", "value": 26238, "previous_value": 26202, "delta": 36, "unit": "Billion Btu", "source_url": "https://api.eia.gov/v2/seds/data/", "provider": "US_EIA" }, { "kind": "statistic_change", "topic": "energy", "metric_key": "EIA_SEDS:TETCB", "metric_label": "Total energy consumption", "value": 281060, "previous_value": 305433, "delta": -24373, "unit": "Billion Btu", "source_url": "https://api.eia.gov/v2/seds/data/", "provider": "US_EIA" } ] }, { "period": "1994", "year": "1994", "month": "", "label": "1994", "branches": [ { "kind": "statistic_change", "topic": "energy", "metric_key": "EIA_SEDS:TEPRB", "metric_label": "Total primary energy production", "value": 23020, "previous_value": 26238, "delta": -3218, "unit": "Billion Btu", "source_url": "https://api.eia.gov/v2/seds/data/", "provider": "US_EIA" }, { "kind": "statistic_change", "topic": "energy", "metric_key": "EIA_SEDS:TETCB", "metric_label": "Total energy consumption", "value": 296649, "previous_value": 281060, "delta": 15589, "unit": "Billion Btu", "source_url": "https://api.eia.gov/v2/seds/data/", "provider": "US_EIA" } ] }, { "period": "1995", "year": "1995", "month": "", "label": "1995", "branches": [ { "kind": "statistic_change", "topic": "energy", "metric_key": "EIA_SEDS:TEPRB", "metric_label": "Total primary energy production", "value": 22171, "previous_value": 23020, "delta": -849, "unit": "Billion Btu", "source_url": "https://api.eia.gov/v2/seds/data/", "provider": "US_EIA" }, { "kind": "statistic_change", "topic": "energy", "metric_key": "EIA_SEDS:TETCB", "metric_label": "Total energy consumption", "value": 294338, "previous_value": 296649, "delta": -2311, "unit": "Billion Btu", "source_url": "https://api.eia.gov/v2/seds/data/", "provider": "US_EIA" } ] }, { "period": "1996", "year": "1996", "month": "", "label": "1996", "branches": [ { "kind": "statistic_change", "topic": "energy", "metric_key": "EIA_SEDS:TEPRB", "metric_label": "Total primary energy production", "value": 21531, "previous_value": 22171, "delta": -640, "unit": "Billion Btu", "source_url": "https://api.eia.gov/v2/seds/data/", "provider": "US_EIA" }, { "kind": "statistic_change", "topic": "energy", "metric_key": "EIA_SEDS:TETCB", "metric_label": 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"kind": "statistic_change", "topic": "employment", "metric_key": "ACS:UNEMPLOYMENT_RATE", "metric_label": "Unemployment rate", "value": 4.868736705856362, "previous_value": 5.511640867577312, "delta": -0.6429041617209501, "unit": "percent", "source_url": "https://api.census.gov/data/2024/acs/acs5", "provider": "US_CENSUS_DATA_API" } ] }, { "period": "2018", "year": "2018", "month": "", "label": "2018", "branches": [ { "kind": "statistic_change", "topic": "energy", "metric_key": "EIA_SEDS:TEPRB", "metric_label": "Total primary energy production", "value": 14790, "previous_value": 14973, "delta": -183, "unit": "Billion Btu", "source_url": "https://api.eia.gov/v2/seds/data/", "provider": "US_EIA" }, { "kind": "statistic_change", "topic": "energy", "metric_key": "EIA_SEDS:TETCB", "metric_label": "Total energy consumption", "value": 294449, "previous_value": 295642, "delta": -1193, "unit": "Billion Btu", "source_url": "https://api.eia.gov/v2/seds/data/", "provider": "US_EIA" }, { "kind": "statistic_change", "topic": "population", "metric_key": "ACS:B01003_001E", "metric_label": "Population", "value": 1422029, "previous_value": 1421658, "delta": 371, "unit": "persons", "source_url": "https://api.census.gov/data/2024/acs/acs5", "provider": "US_CENSUS_DATA_API" }, { "kind": "statistic_change", "topic": "income", "metric_key": "ACS:B19013_001E", "metric_label": "Median household income", "value": 78084, "previous_value": 74923, "delta": 3161, "unit": "US dollars", "source_url": "https://api.census.gov/data/2024/acs/acs5", "provider": "US_CENSUS_DATA_API" }, { "kind": "statistic_change", "topic": "housing", "metric_key": "ACS:B25077_001E", "metric_label": "Median home value", "value": 587700, "previous_value": 563900, "delta": 23800, "unit": "US dollars", "source_url": "https://api.census.gov/data/2024/acs/acs5", "provider": "US_CENSUS_DATA_API" }, { "kind": "statistic_change", "topic": "employment", "metric_key": "ACS:UNEMPLOYMENT_RATE", "metric_label": "Unemployment rate", "value": 4.5154070152590196, "previous_value": 4.868736705856362, "delta": -0.3533296905973424, "unit": "percent", "source_url": "https://api.census.gov/data/2024/acs/acs5", "provider": "US_CENSUS_DATA_API" }, { "kind": "context_event", "topic": "disaster", "source_name": "U.S. Geological Survey", "source_url": "https://www.usgs.gov/volcanoes/kilauea/kilauea-2018-summit-collapse-and-lower-east-rift-zone-eruption", "event_type": "volcanic_eruption", "policy_domain": "volcanic_hazard", "issuer": "Kīlauea / U.S. Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory", "announcement_date": "2018-05", "effective_date": "2018-08", "official_document_title": "Kīlauea lower East Rift Zone eruption and summit collapse", "policy_status": "completed", "event_title_ko": "Kīlauea 대규모 분화와 summit collapse", "event_text_ko": "Kīlauea의 lower East Rift Zone에서 대규모 분화가 진행되고 summit caldera가 크게 붕괴하면서 Hawaiʻi Island의 주거·도로·자연환경에 광범위한 영향을 주었다.", "event_summary_ko": "Kīlauea의 lower East Rift Zone에서 대규모 분화가 진행되고 summit caldera가 크게 붕괴하면서 Hawaiʻi Island의 주거·도로·자연환경에 광범위한 영향을 주었다.", "event_significance_ko": "활화산과 함께 살아가는 Hawaiʻi의 위험관리·과학모니터링·토지이용 문제를 보여 주는 대표 현대 재난 사건이다.", "event_regional_context_ko": "Hawaiian Volcano Observatory의 실시간 관측과 위험정보가 지역 대응에 중요한 역할을 했다.", "event_background_ko": "Puʻu ʻŌʻō 붕괴와 magma 이동 이후 lower East Rift Zone의 fissure eruption과 summit collapse가 이어졌다.", "event_outcome_ko": "분화 이후 피해지역 복구와 화산위험 연구·모니터링이 계속되었다.", "event_data_context_ko": "주 전체 인구·소득·주택 변화의 직접 원인으로 확대 해석하지 않고 지역 재난·과학 맥락으로 사용한다.", "event_title_en": "Major Kīlauea eruption and summit collapse", "event_text_en": "A major lower East Rift Zone eruption and summit collapse at Kīlauea caused extensive impacts to communities, roads and natural landscapes on Hawaiʻi Island.", "event_summary_en": "A major lower East Rift Zone eruption and summit collapse at Kīlauea caused extensive impacts to communities, roads and natural landscapes on Hawaiʻi Island.", "event_significance_en": "It is a defining modern disaster for understanding volcanic-risk management, scientific monitoring and land-use challenges in Hawaiʻi.", "event_regional_context_en": "Real-time monitoring and hazard information from the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory played a central role in response and public awareness.", "event_background_en": "Collapse at Puʻu ʻŌʻō and magma migration were followed by fissure eruption in the lower East Rift Zone and summit collapse.", "event_outcome_en": "Recovery in affected communities and volcanic-hazard research and monitoring continued after the eruption.", "event_data_context_en": "It is used as local disaster and science context and not generalized as a direct cause of statewide population, income or housing trends.", "event_title_es": "Gran erupción de Kīlauea y colapso de la cumbre", "event_text_es": "Una gran erupción en la lower East Rift Zone y el colapso de la cumbre de Kīlauea causaron amplios impactos en comunidades, carreteras y paisajes naturales de Hawaiʻi Island.", "event_summary_es": "Una gran erupción en la lower East Rift Zone y el colapso de la cumbre de Kīlauea causaron amplios impactos en comunidades, carreteras y paisajes naturales de Hawaiʻi Island.", "event_significance_es": "Es un desastre moderno emblemático para comprender la gestión del riesgo volcánico, el monitoreo científico y los desafíos de uso del suelo en Hawaiʻi.", "event_regional_context_es": "El monitoreo en tiempo real y la información de peligro de Hawaiian Volcano Observatory tuvieron un papel central en la respuesta y la comunicación pública.", "event_background_es": "El colapso en Puʻu ʻŌʻō y la migración de magma fueron seguidos por erupciones de fisuras en la lower East Rift Zone y colapso de la cumbre.", "event_outcome_es": "La recuperación de las comunidades afectadas y la investigación y monitoreo del riesgo volcánico continuaron después de la erupción.", "event_data_context_es": "Se utiliza como contexto local de desastre y ciencia y no se generaliza como causa directa de tendencias estatales de población, ingresos o vivienda.", "event_related_places": [ "Kīlauea", "Hawaiʻi Island" ], "event_title": "Major Kīlauea eruption and summit collapse", "event_text": "A major lower East Rift Zone eruption and summit collapse at Kīlauea caused extensive impacts to communities, roads and natural landscapes on Hawaiʻi Island." } ] }, { "period": "2019", "year": "2019", "month": "", "label": "2019", "branches": [ { "kind": "statistic_change", "topic": "energy", "metric_key": "EIA_SEDS:TEPRB", "metric_label": "Total primary energy production", "value": 14258, "previous_value": 14790, "delta": -532, "unit": "Billion Btu", "source_url": "https://api.eia.gov/v2/seds/data/", "provider": "US_EIA" }, { "kind": "statistic_change", "topic": "energy", "metric_key": "EIA_SEDS:TETCB", "metric_label": "Total energy consumption", "value": 296631, "previous_value": 294449, "delta": 2182, "unit": "Billion Btu", "source_url": "https://api.eia.gov/v2/seds/data/", "provider": "US_EIA" }, { "kind": "statistic_change", "topic": "population", "metric_key": "ACS:B01003_001E", "metric_label": "Population", "value": 1422094, "previous_value": 1422029, "delta": 65, "unit": "persons", "source_url": "https://api.census.gov/data/2024/acs/acs5", "provider": "US_CENSUS_DATA_API" }, { "kind": "statistic_change", "topic": "income", "metric_key": "ACS:B19013_001E", "metric_label": "Median household income", "value": 81275, "previous_value": 78084, "delta": 3191, "unit": "US dollars", "source_url": "https://api.census.gov/data/2024/acs/acs5", "provider": "US_CENSUS_DATA_API" }, { "kind": "statistic_change", "topic": "housing", "metric_key": "ACS:B25077_001E", "metric_label": "Median home value", "value": 615300, "previous_value": 587700, "delta": 27600, "unit": "US dollars", "source_url": "https://api.census.gov/data/2024/acs/acs5", "provider": "US_CENSUS_DATA_API" }, { "kind": "statistic_change", "topic": "employment", "metric_key": "ACS:UNEMPLOYMENT_RATE", "metric_label": "Unemployment rate", "value": 4.260077379184746, "previous_value": 4.5154070152590196, "delta": -0.25532963607427384, "unit": "percent", "source_url": "https://api.census.gov/data/2024/acs/acs5", "provider": "US_CENSUS_DATA_API" } ] }, { "period": "2020", "year": "2020", "month": "", "label": "2020", "branches": [ { "kind": "statistic_change", "topic": "energy", "metric_key": "EIA_SEDS:TEPRB", "metric_label": "Total primary energy production", "value": 15085, "previous_value": 14258, "delta": 827, "unit": "Billion Btu", "source_url": "https://api.eia.gov/v2/seds/data/", "provider": "US_EIA" }, { "kind": "statistic_change", "topic": "energy", "metric_key": "EIA_SEDS:TETCB", "metric_label": "Total energy consumption", "value": 219585, "previous_value": 296631, "delta": -77046, "unit": "Billion Btu", "source_url": "https://api.eia.gov/v2/seds/data/", "provider": "US_EIA" }, { "kind": "statistic_change", "topic": "population", "metric_key": "ACS:B01003_001E", "metric_label": "Population", "value": 1420074, "previous_value": 1422094, "delta": -2020, "unit": "persons", "source_url": "https://api.census.gov/data/2024/acs/acs5", "provider": "US_CENSUS_DATA_API" }, { "kind": "statistic_change", "topic": "income", "metric_key": "ACS:B19013_001E", "metric_label": "Median household income", "value": 83173, "previous_value": 81275, "delta": 1898, "unit": "US dollars", "source_url": "https://api.census.gov/data/2024/acs/acs5", "provider": "US_CENSUS_DATA_API" }, { "kind": "statistic_change", "topic": "housing", "metric_key": "ACS:B25077_001E", "metric_label": "Median home value", "value": 636400, "previous_value": 615300, "delta": 21100, "unit": "US dollars", "source_url": "https://api.census.gov/data/2024/acs/acs5", "provider": "US_CENSUS_DATA_API" }, { "kind": "statistic_change", "topic": "employment", "metric_key": "ACS:UNEMPLOYMENT_RATE", "metric_label": "Unemployment rate", "value": 4.554936035322088, "previous_value": 4.260077379184746, "delta": 0.2948586561373423, "unit": "percent", "source_url": "https://api.census.gov/data/2024/acs/acs5", "provider": "US_CENSUS_DATA_API" } ] }, { "period": "2021", "year": "2021", "month": "", "label": "2021", "branches": [ { "kind": "statistic_change", "topic": "energy", "metric_key": "EIA_SEDS:TEPRB", "metric_label": "Total primary energy production", "value": 16621, "previous_value": 15085, "delta": 1536, "unit": "Billion Btu", "source_url": "https://api.eia.gov/v2/seds/data/", "provider": "US_EIA" }, { "kind": "statistic_change", "topic": "energy", "metric_key": "EIA_SEDS:TETCB", "metric_label": "Total energy consumption", "value": 255903, "previous_value": 219585, "delta": 36318, "unit": "Billion Btu", "source_url": "https://api.eia.gov/v2/seds/data/", "provider": "US_EIA" }, { "kind": "statistic_change", "topic": "population", "metric_key": "ACS:B01003_001E", "metric_label": "Population", "value": 1453498, "previous_value": 1420074, "delta": 33424, "unit": "persons", "source_url": "https://api.census.gov/data/2024/acs/acs5", "provider": "US_CENSUS_DATA_API" }, { "kind": "statistic_change", "topic": "income", "metric_key": "ACS:B19013_001E", "metric_label": "Median household income", "value": 88005, "previous_value": 83173, "delta": 4832, "unit": "US dollars", "source_url": "https://api.census.gov/data/2024/acs/acs5", "provider": "US_CENSUS_DATA_API" }, { "kind": "statistic_change", "topic": "housing", "metric_key": "ACS:B25077_001E", "metric_label": "Median home value", "value": 662100, "previous_value": 636400, "delta": 25700, "unit": "US dollars", "source_url": "https://api.census.gov/data/2024/acs/acs5", "provider": "US_CENSUS_DATA_API" }, { "kind": "statistic_change", "topic": "employment", "metric_key": "ACS:UNEMPLOYMENT_RATE", "metric_label": "Unemployment rate", "value": 5.178318300989751, "previous_value": 4.554936035322088, "delta": 0.6233822656676633, "unit": "percent", "source_url": "https://api.census.gov/data/2024/acs/acs5", "provider": "US_CENSUS_DATA_API" } ] }, { "period": "2022", "year": "2022", "month": "", "label": "2022", "branches": [ { "kind": "statistic_change", "topic": "energy", "metric_key": "EIA_SEDS:TEPRB", "metric_label": "Total primary energy production", "value": 16920, "previous_value": 16621, "delta": 299, "unit": "Billion Btu", "source_url": "https://api.eia.gov/v2/seds/data/", "provider": "US_EIA" }, { "kind": "statistic_change", "topic": "energy", "metric_key": "EIA_SEDS:TETCB", "metric_label": "Total energy consumption", "value": 270404, "previous_value": 255903, "delta": 14501, "unit": "Billion Btu", "source_url": "https://api.eia.gov/v2/seds/data/", "provider": "US_EIA" }, { "kind": "statistic_change", "topic": "population", "metric_key": "ACS:B01003_001E", "metric_label": "Population", "value": 1450589, "previous_value": 1453498, "delta": -2909, "unit": "persons", "source_url": "https://api.census.gov/data/2024/acs/acs5", "provider": "US_CENSUS_DATA_API" }, { "kind": "statistic_change", "topic": "income", "metric_key": "ACS:B19013_001E", "metric_label": "Median household income", "value": 94814, "previous_value": 88005, "delta": 6809, "unit": "US dollars", "source_url": "https://api.census.gov/data/2024/acs/acs5", "provider": "US_CENSUS_DATA_API" }, { "kind": "statistic_change", "topic": "housing", "metric_key": "ACS:B25077_001E", "metric_label": "Median home value", "value": 764800, "previous_value": 662100, "delta": 102700, "unit": "US dollars", "source_url": "https://api.census.gov/data/2024/acs/acs5", "provider": "US_CENSUS_DATA_API" }, { "kind": "statistic_change", "topic": "employment", "metric_key": "ACS:UNEMPLOYMENT_RATE", "metric_label": "Unemployment rate", "value": 5.051168521373196, "previous_value": 5.178318300989751, "delta": -0.1271497796165555, "unit": "percent", "source_url": "https://api.census.gov/data/2024/acs/acs5", "provider": "US_CENSUS_DATA_API" } ] }, { "period": "2023", "year": "2023", "month": "", "label": "2023", "branches": [ { "kind": "statistic_change", "topic": "energy", "metric_key": "EIA_SEDS:TEPRB", "metric_label": "Total primary energy production", "value": 17482, "previous_value": 16920, "delta": 562, "unit": "Billion Btu", "source_url": "https://api.eia.gov/v2/seds/data/", "provider": "US_EIA" }, { "kind": "statistic_change", "topic": "energy", "metric_key": "EIA_SEDS:TETCB", "metric_label": "Total energy consumption", "value": 271755, "previous_value": 270404, "delta": 1351, "unit": "Billion Btu", "source_url": "https://api.eia.gov/v2/seds/data/", "provider": "US_EIA" }, { "kind": "statistic_change", "topic": "population", "metric_key": "ACS:B01003_001E", "metric_label": "Population", "value": 1445635, "previous_value": 1450589, "delta": -4954, "unit": "persons", "source_url": "https://api.census.gov/data/2024/acs/acs5", "provider": "US_CENSUS_DATA_API" }, { "kind": "statistic_change", "topic": "income", "metric_key": "ACS:B19013_001E", "metric_label": "Median household income", "value": 98317, "previous_value": 94814, "delta": 3503, "unit": "US dollars", "source_url": "https://api.census.gov/data/2024/acs/acs5", "provider": "US_CENSUS_DATA_API" }, { "kind": "statistic_change", "topic": "housing", "metric_key": "ACS:B25077_001E", "metric_label": "Median home value", "value": 808200, "previous_value": 764800, "delta": 43400, "unit": "US dollars", "source_url": "https://api.census.gov/data/2024/acs/acs5", "provider": "US_CENSUS_DATA_API" }, { "kind": "statistic_change", "topic": "employment", "metric_key": "ACS:UNEMPLOYMENT_RATE", "metric_label": "Unemployment rate", "value": 5.029055882821207, "previous_value": 5.051168521373196, "delta": -0.022112638551988972, "unit": "percent", "source_url": "https://api.census.gov/data/2024/acs/acs5", "provider": "US_CENSUS_DATA_API" }, { "kind": "context_event", "topic": "disaster", "source_name": "State of Hawaiʻi Department of the Attorney General", "source_url": "https://ag.hawaii.gov/maui-wildfire-investigation-resources-page/", "event_type": "wildfire", "policy_domain": "wildfire_response_recovery", "issuer": "County of Maui / State of Hawaiʻi / federal partners", "announcement_date": "2023-08-08", "effective_date": "2023-08-08", "official_document_title": "Maui wildfires and Lahaina fire", "policy_status": "completed", "event_title_ko": "Maui wildfires와 Lahaina 화재", "event_text_ko": "Maui에서 대형 산불이 발생해 Lahaina를 포함한 여러 지역에 막대한 인명·주거·문화재산 피해가 발생하고 장기 복구가 시작됐다.", "event_summary_ko": "Maui에서 대형 산불이 발생해 Lahaina를 포함한 여러 지역에 막대한 인명·주거·문화재산 피해가 발생하고 장기 복구가 시작됐다.", "event_significance_ko": "Hawaiʻi의 산불위험·비상통신·대피·토지관리와 기후회복력 논의를 크게 바꾼 최근 핵심 재난 사건이다.", "event_regional_context_ko": "Lahaina의 역사·주거·관광 기능이 큰 피해를 입어 Maui의 지역경제와 공동체 회복이 장기 과제가 되었다.", "event_background_ko": "강풍과 건조한 조건 속에서 여러 지역의 화재가 빠르게 확산됐고 주·카운티·연방기관이 대응했다.", "event_outcome_ko": "이후 복구·주거·공중보건·환경 모니터링과 정부 대응 분석이 장기간 이어졌다.", "event_data_context_ko": "주 전체 ACS 변화와 단순 인과관계로 연결하지 않고 Maui의 재난·회복 맥락으로 해석한다.", "event_title_en": "Maui wildfires and the Lahaina fire", "event_text_en": "Major wildfires on Maui caused severe loss of life, housing and cultural assets, including catastrophic damage in Lahaina, and began a long recovery process.", "event_summary_en": "Major wildfires on Maui caused severe loss of life, housing and cultural assets, including catastrophic damage in Lahaina, and began a long recovery process.", "event_significance_en": "It is a major recent disaster shaping Hawaiʻi's wildfire-risk, emergency-communication, evacuation, land-management and resilience planning.", "event_regional_context_en": "The destruction of Lahaina affected historic, residential and tourism functions, making community and economic recovery a long-term Maui issue.", "event_background_en": "Multiple fires spread rapidly under dry and windy conditions, prompting state, county and federal emergency response.", "event_outcome_en": "Recovery, housing, public-health and environmental monitoring, together with government-response analysis, continued well after the fires.", "event_data_context_en": "It is interpreted as Maui disaster and recovery context rather than as a simple direct cause of statewide ACS changes.", "event_title_es": "Incendios de Maui y el incendio de Lahaina", "event_text_es": "Grandes incendios en Maui causaron graves pérdidas humanas, de vivienda y patrimonio cultural, incluida una destrucción catastrófica en Lahaina, e iniciaron una recuperación prolongada.", "event_summary_es": "Grandes incendios en Maui causaron graves pérdidas humanas, de vivienda y patrimonio cultural, incluida una destrucción catastrófica en Lahaina, e iniciaron una recuperación prolongada.", "event_significance_es": "Es un desastre reciente de gran importancia que influye en la planificación de riesgo de incendios, comunicaciones de emergencia, evacuación, gestión de tierras y resiliencia de Hawaiʻi.", "event_regional_context_es": "La destrucción de Lahaina afectó funciones históricas, residenciales y turísticas y convirtió la recuperación comunitaria y económica en un desafío de largo plazo para Maui.", "event_background_es": "Varios incendios se propagaron rápidamente bajo condiciones secas y ventosas y provocaron una respuesta de emergencia estatal, del condado y federal.", "event_outcome_es": "La recuperación, vivienda, salud pública y monitoreo ambiental, junto con el análisis de la respuesta gubernamental, continuaron mucho después de los incendios.", "event_data_context_es": "Se interpreta como contexto de desastre y recuperación de Maui y no como causa directa simple de cambios ACS estatales.", "event_related_places": [ "Lahaina", "Maui" ], "event_title": "Maui wildfires and the Lahaina fire", "event_text": "Major wildfires on Maui caused severe loss of life, housing and cultural assets, including catastrophic damage in Lahaina, and began a long recovery process." } ] }, { "period": "2024", "year": "2024", "month": "", "label": "2024", "branches": [ { "kind": "statistic_change", "topic": "energy", "metric_key": "EIA_SEDS:TEPRB", "metric_label": "Total primary energy production", "value": 17856, "previous_value": 17482, "delta": 374, "unit": "Billion Btu", "source_url": "https://api.eia.gov/v2/seds/data/", "provider": "US_EIA" }, { "kind": "statistic_change", "topic": "energy", "metric_key": "EIA_SEDS:TETCB", "metric_label": "Total energy consumption", "value": 271819, "previous_value": 271755, "delta": 64, "unit": "Billion Btu", "source_url": "https://api.eia.gov/v2/seds/data/", "provider": "US_EIA" }, { "kind": "statistic_change", "topic": "population", "metric_key": "ACS:B01003_001E", "metric_label": "Population", "value": 1445235, "previous_value": 1445635, "delta": -400, "unit": "persons", "source_url": "https://api.census.gov/data/2024/acs/acs5", "provider": "US_CENSUS_DATA_API" }, { "kind": "statistic_change", "topic": "income", "metric_key": "ACS:B19013_001E", "metric_label": "Median household income", "value": 100389, "previous_value": 98317, "delta": 2072, "unit": "US dollars", "source_url": "https://api.census.gov/data/2024/acs/acs5", "provider": "US_CENSUS_DATA_API" }, { "kind": "statistic_change", "topic": "housing", "metric_key": "ACS:B25077_001E", "metric_label": "Median home value", "value": 839100, "previous_value": 808200, "delta": 30900, "unit": "US dollars", "source_url": "https://api.census.gov/data/2024/acs/acs5", "provider": "US_CENSUS_DATA_API" }, { "kind": "statistic_change", "topic": "employment", "metric_key": "ACS:UNEMPLOYMENT_RATE", "metric_label": "Unemployment rate", "value": 4.918953275929394, "previous_value": 5.029055882821207, "delta": -0.11010260689181273, "unit": "percent", "source_url": "https://api.census.gov/data/2024/acs/acs5", "provider": "US_CENSUS_DATA_API" } ] }, { "year": "2025", "period": "2025", "label": "2025", "branches": [ { "kind": "context_event", "topic": "policy", "source_name": "Governor of Hawaiʻi", "source_url": "https://governor.hawaii.gov/main/historic-green-fee-launched-to-combat-climate-change-in-hawai%CA%BBi/", "event_type": "policy_enactment", "policy_domain": "climate_resilience_sustainable_tourism", "issuer": "State of Hawaiʻi", "announcement_date": "2025-05-27", "effective_date": "2026-01-01", "official_document_title": "Act 96, Session Laws of Hawaiʻi 2025", "policy_status": "implemented", "event_title_ko": "Green Fee 기후회복력 정책 법제화", "event_text_ko": "Hawaiʻi는 visitor accommodation과 cruise 관련 세입을 활용해 환경보전, climate and hazard mitigation, sustainable tourism을 지원하는 Green Fee 정책을 법제화했다.", "event_summary_ko": "Hawaiʻi는 visitor accommodation과 cruise 관련 세입을 활용해 환경보전, climate and hazard mitigation, sustainable tourism을 지원하는 Green Fee 정책을 법제화했다.", "event_significance_ko": "Maui 산불 이후 자연재해·기후위험과 관광의 재원 구조를 함께 다루는 최근 핵심 주 정책이다.", "event_regional_context_ko": "관광이 자연·문화자원에 의존하는 섬 지역에서 방문객 경제와 환경회복력을 연결하는 새로운 정책 틀을 만들었다.", "event_background_ko": "주정부와 Legislature는 climate resilience와 environmental stewardship을 위한 안정적 재원 필요성을 정책 배경으로 제시했다.", "event_outcome_ko": "정책 시행으로 관련 세입을 자연자원 보호, hazard mitigation과 sustainable tourism 사업에 연결하는 구조가 마련됐다.", "event_data_context_ko": "정책 도입 이후의 통계 변화는 향후 자료와 별도 평가가 필요하며 기존 인구·주택·소득 변화의 원인으로 소급하지 않는다.", "event_title_en": "Hawaiʻi enacts the Green Fee climate-resilience policy", "event_text_en": "Hawaiʻi enacted the Green Fee policy to direct additional visitor-accommodation and cruise-related tax revenue toward environmental stewardship, climate and hazard mitigation, and sustainable tourism.", "event_summary_en": "Hawaiʻi enacted the Green Fee policy to direct additional visitor-accommodation and cruise-related tax revenue toward environmental stewardship, climate and hazard mitigation, and sustainable tourism.", "event_significance_en": "It is a major recent state policy linking climate and hazard resilience with the financing structure of Hawaiʻi's visitor economy.", "event_regional_context_en": "The policy creates a new framework connecting the visitor economy with environmental and climate resilience in an island state dependent on natural and cultural resources.", "event_background_en": "State officials and the Legislature identified the need for a more stable funding source for climate resilience and environmental stewardship.", "event_outcome_en": "Implementation created a mechanism linking the additional revenue to natural-resource protection, hazard mitigation and sustainable-tourism projects.", "event_data_context_en": "Any statistical effects require future evidence and separate evaluation and are not retroactively assigned to earlier population, housing or income trends.", "event_title_es": "Hawaiʻi promulga la política Green Fee de resiliencia climática", "event_text_es": "Hawaiʻi promulgó la política Green Fee para dirigir ingresos fiscales adicionales vinculados a alojamiento turístico y cruceros hacia conservación ambiental, mitigación climática y de riesgos y turismo sostenible.", "event_summary_es": "Hawaiʻi promulgó la política Green Fee para dirigir ingresos fiscales adicionales vinculados a alojamiento turístico y cruceros hacia conservación ambiental, mitigación climática y de riesgos y turismo sostenible.", "event_significance_es": "Es una política estatal reciente importante que vincula resiliencia climática y frente a riesgos con la estructura financiera de la economía turística de Hawaiʻi.", "event_regional_context_es": "La política crea un nuevo marco que conecta la economía de visitantes con la resiliencia ambiental y climática en un estado insular dependiente de recursos naturales y culturales.", "event_background_es": "Las autoridades estatales y la Legislatura señalaron la necesidad de una fuente de financiación más estable para resiliencia climática y conservación ambiental.", "event_outcome_es": "La implementación creó un mecanismo que vincula los ingresos adicionales con protección de recursos naturales, mitigación de riesgos y proyectos de turismo sostenible.", "event_data_context_es": "Cualquier efecto estadístico requiere evidencia futura y evaluación separada y no se atribuye retroactivamente a tendencias anteriores de población, vivienda o ingresos.", "event_related_places": [ "Hawaiʻi" ], "event_title": "Hawaiʻi enacts the Green Fee climate-resilience policy", "event_text": "Hawaiʻi enacted the Green Fee policy to direct additional visitor-accommodation and cruise-related tax revenue toward environmental stewardship, climate and hazard mitigation, and sustainable tourism." } ] } ], "places": [ { "category": "government", "name": "Honolulu", "source_name": "State of Hawaiʻi Department of Budget and Finance", "source_url": "https://budget.hawaii.gov/budget/state-of-hawaii-background-information/", "summary_ko": "Honolulu는 Hawaiʻi의 주도이며 주정부·항공·고등교육·문화 기능이 집중된 핵심 도시 거점이다.", "summary_en": "Honolulu is Hawaiʻi's capital and the state's main hub for government, air transport, higher education and urban culture.", "summary_es": "Honolulu es la capital de Hawaiʻi y el principal centro estatal de gobierno, transporte aéreo, educación superior y cultura urbana.", "summary": "Honolulu is Hawaiʻi's capital and the state's main hub for government, air transport, higher education and urban culture." }, { "category": "nature", "name": "Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park", "source_name": "National Park Service", "source_url": "https://www.nps.gov/havo/index.htm", "summary_ko": "Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park는 Kīlauea와 Mauna Loa를 중심으로 화산 지형, 고유 생태계와 Native Hawaiian 문화경관을 함께 보호하는 대표 국립공원이다.", "summary_en": "Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park protects volcanic landscapes centered on Kīlauea and Mauna Loa together with native ecosystems and Native Hawaiian cultural landscapes.", "summary_es": "Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park protege paisajes volcánicos centrados en Kīlauea y Mauna Loa junto con ecosistemas nativos y paisajes culturales de Native Hawaiians.", "summary": "Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park protects volcanic landscapes centered on Kīlauea and Mauna Loa together with native ecosystems and Native Hawaiian cultural landscapes." }, { "category": "nature", "name": "Haleakalā National Park", "source_name": "National Park Service", "source_url": "https://www.nps.gov/hale/index.htm", "summary_ko": "Haleakalā National Park는 Maui의 정상부 화산경관부터 Kīpahulu 해안까지 이어지며 고유 생태계와 Hawaiian 문화자원을 보호한다.", "summary_en": "Haleakalā National Park stretches from the volcanic summit landscape to the Kīpahulu coast and protects native ecosystems and Hawaiian cultural resources.", "summary_es": "Haleakalā National Park se extiende desde el paisaje volcánico de la cumbre hasta la costa de Kīpahulu y protege ecosistemas nativos y recursos culturales hawaianos.", "summary": "Haleakalā National Park stretches from the volcanic summit landscape to the Kīpahulu coast and protects native ecosystems and Hawaiian cultural resources." }, { "category": "historic", "name": "Pearl Harbor National Memorial", "source_name": "National Park Service", "source_url": "https://www.nps.gov/perl/index.htm", "summary_ko": "Pearl Harbor National Memorial은 Oʻahu의 전쟁기 역사를 보존하고 공격 희생자와 Pacific War의 기억을 해설하는 대표 역사 장소다.", "summary_en": "Pearl Harbor National Memorial preserves wartime history on Oʻahu and interprets the attack, its victims and the broader Pacific War.", "summary_es": "Pearl Harbor National Memorial conserva la historia de guerra en Oʻahu e interpreta el ataque, sus víctimas y el contexto más amplio de la Guerra del Pacífico.", "summary": "Pearl Harbor National Memorial preserves wartime history on Oʻahu and interprets the attack, its victims and the broader Pacific War." }, { "category": "transport", "name": "Daniel K. Inouye International Airport", "source_name": "State of Hawaiʻi Department of Transportation", "source_url": "https://airports.hawaii.gov/hnl/", "summary_ko": "Daniel K. Inouye International Airport는 Honolulu에 있는 Hawaiʻi 최대 공항으로 섬 간 이동과 미국 본토·국제 노선을 연결하는 핵심 교통 거점이다.", "summary_en": "Daniel K. Inouye International Airport in Honolulu is Hawaiʻi's largest airport and a key hub for interisland, mainland and international travel.", "summary_es": "Daniel K. Inouye International Airport, en Honolulu, es el mayor aeropuerto de Hawaiʻi y un nodo clave para viajes interinsulares, continentales e internacionales.", "summary": "Daniel K. Inouye International Airport in Honolulu is Hawaiʻi's largest airport and a key hub for interisland, mainland and international travel." }, { "category": "education", "name": "University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa", "source_name": "University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa", "source_url": "https://manoa.hawaii.edu/about/history/", "summary_ko": "University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa는 Honolulu의 대표 공립 연구대학으로 교육·연구와 Asia-Pacific 연구의 주요 거점이다.", "summary_en": "The University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa is a major public research university in Honolulu and an important center for education, research and Asia-Pacific studies.", "summary_es": "University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa es una importante universidad pública de investigación en Honolulu y un centro destacado de educación, investigación y estudios Asia-Pacífico.", "summary": "The University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa is a major public research university in Honolulu and an important center for education, research and Asia-Pacific studies." } ], "tables": [ { "table_id": "key_metrics", "title": "Key metrics", "columns": [ "metric", "latest_period", "latest_value", "unit", "first_period", "first_value", "change", "change_pct" ], "rows": [ { "metric": "Total primary energy production", "topic": "energy", "latest_period": "2024", "latest_value": 17856, "unit": "Billion Btu", "first_period": "1985", "first_value": 14573, "change": 3283, "change_pct": 22.527962670692375 }, { "metric": "Total energy consumption", "topic": "energy", "latest_period": "2024", "latest_value": 271819, "unit": "Billion Btu", "first_period": "1985", "first_value": 247820, "change": 23999, "change_pct": 9.68404487127754 }, { "metric": "Population", "topic": "population", "latest_period": "2024", "latest_value": 1445235, "unit": "persons", "first_period": "2011", "first_value": 1346554, "change": 98681, "change_pct": 7.328410149165945 }, { "metric": "Median household income", "topic": "income", "latest_period": "2024", "latest_value": 100389, "unit": "US dollars", "first_period": "2011", "first_value": 67116, "change": 33273, "change_pct": 49.575362059717506 }, { "metric": "Median home value", "topic": "housing", "latest_period": "2024", "latest_value": 839100, "unit": "US dollars", "first_period": "2011", "first_value": 529500, "change": 309600, "change_pct": 58.47025495750708 }, { "metric": "Unemployment rate", "topic": "employment", "latest_period": "2024", "latest_value": 4.918953275929394, "unit": "percent", "first_period": "2011", "first_value": 6.371037792794782, "change": -1.452084516865388, "change_pct": -22.791962064761233 } ] }, { "table_id": "history", "title": "Historical observations", "columns": [ "period", "values" ], "rows": [ { "period": "2024", "values": [ { "metric": "Total primary energy production", "value": 17856, "unit": "Billion Btu" }, { "metric": "Total energy consumption", "value": 271819, "unit": "Billion Btu" }, { "metric": "Population", "value": 1445235, "unit": "persons" }, { "metric": "Median household income", "value": 100389, "unit": "US dollars" }, { "metric": "Median home value", "value": 839100, "unit": "US dollars" }, { "metric": "Unemployment rate", "value": 4.918953275929394, "unit": "percent" } ] }, { "period": "2023", "values": [ { "metric": "Total primary energy production", "value": 17482, "unit": "Billion Btu" }, { "metric": "Total energy consumption", "value": 271755, "unit": "Billion Btu" }, { "metric": "Population", "value": 1445635, "unit": "persons" }, { "metric": "Median household income", "value": 98317, "unit": "US dollars" }, { "metric": "Median home value", "value": 808200, "unit": "US dollars" }, { "metric": "Unemployment rate", "value": 5.029055882821207, "unit": "percent" } ] }, { "period": "2022", "values": [ { "metric": "Total primary energy production", "value": 16920, "unit": "Billion Btu" }, { "metric": "Total energy consumption", "value": 270404, "unit": "Billion Btu" }, { "metric": "Population", "value": 1450589, "unit": "persons" }, { "metric": "Median household income", "value": 94814, "unit": "US dollars" }, { "metric": "Median home value", "value": 764800, "unit": "US dollars" }, { "metric": "Unemployment rate", "value": 5.051168521373196, "unit": "percent" } ] }, { "period": "2021", "values": [ { "metric": "Total primary energy production", "value": 16621, "unit": "Billion Btu" }, { "metric": "Total energy consumption", "value": 255903, "unit": "Billion Btu" }, { "metric": "Population", "value": 1453498, "unit": "persons" }, { "metric": "Median household income", "value": 88005, "unit": "US dollars" }, { "metric": "Median home value", "value": 662100, "unit": "US dollars" }, { "metric": "Unemployment rate", "value": 5.178318300989751, "unit": "percent" } ] }, { "period": "2020", "values": [ { "metric": "Total primary energy production", "value": 15085, "unit": "Billion Btu" }, { "metric": "Total energy consumption", "value": 219585, "unit": "Billion Btu" }, { "metric": "Population", "value": 1420074, "unit": "persons" }, { "metric": "Median household income", "value": 83173, "unit": "US dollars" }, { "metric": "Median home value", "value": 636400, "unit": "US dollars" }, { "metric": "Unemployment rate", "value": 4.554936035322088, "unit": "percent" } ] }, { "period": "2019", "values": [ { "metric": "Total primary energy production", "value": 14258, "unit": "Billion Btu" }, { "metric": "Total energy consumption", "value": 296631, "unit": "Billion Btu" }, { "metric": "Population", "value": 1422094, "unit": "persons" }, { "metric": "Median household income", "value": 81275, "unit": "US dollars" }, { "metric": "Median home value", "value": 615300, "unit": "US dollars" }, { "metric": "Unemployment rate", "value": 4.260077379184746, "unit": "percent" } ] }, { "period": "2018", "values": [ { "metric": "Total primary energy production", "value": 14790, "unit": "Billion Btu" }, { "metric": "Total energy consumption", "value": 294449, "unit": "Billion Btu" }, { "metric": "Population", "value": 1422029, "unit": "persons" }, { "metric": "Median household income", "value": 78084, "unit": "US dollars" }, { "metric": "Median home value", "value": 587700, "unit": "US dollars" }, { "metric": "Unemployment rate", "value": 4.5154070152590196, "unit": "percent" } ] }, { "period": "2017", "values": [ { "metric": "Total primary energy production", "value": 14973, "unit": "Billion Btu" }, { "metric": "Total energy consumption", "value": 295642, "unit": "Billion Btu" }, { "metric": "Population", "value": 1421658, "unit": "persons" }, { "metric": "Median household income", "value": 74923, "unit": "US dollars" }, { "metric": "Median home value", "value": 563900, "unit": "US dollars" }, { "metric": "Unemployment rate", "value": 4.868736705856362, "unit": "percent" } ] }, { "period": "2016", "values": [ { "metric": "Total primary energy production", "value": 16893, "unit": "Billion Btu" }, { "metric": "Total energy consumption", "value": 289196, "unit": "Billion Btu" }, { "metric": "Population", "value": 1413673, "unit": "persons" }, { "metric": "Median household income", "value": 71977, "unit": "US dollars" }, { "metric": "Median home value", "value": 538400, "unit": "US dollars" }, { "metric": "Unemployment rate", "value": 5.511640867577312, "unit": "percent" } ] }, { "period": "2015", "values": [ { "metric": "Total primary energy production", "value": 15203, "unit": "Billion Btu" }, { "metric": "Total energy consumption", "value": 288564, "unit": "Billion Btu" }, { "metric": "Population", "value": 1406299, "unit": "persons" }, { "metric": "Median household income", "value": 69515, "unit": "US dollars" }, { "metric": "Median home value", "value": 515300, "unit": "US dollars" }, { "metric": "Unemployment rate", "value": 6.079600673977676, "unit": "percent" } ] }, { "period": "2014", "values": [ { "metric": "Total primary energy production", "value": 15172, "unit": "Billion Btu" }, { "metric": "Total energy consumption", "value": 285589, "unit": "Billion Btu" }, { "metric": "Population", "value": 1392704, "unit": "persons" }, { "metric": "Median household income", "value": 68201, "unit": "US dollars" }, { "metric": "Median home value", "value": 504500, "unit": "US dollars" }, { "metric": "Unemployment rate", "value": 6.689975948752341, "unit": "percent" } ] }, { "period": "2013", "values": [ { "metric": "Total primary energy production", "value": 14827, "unit": "Billion Btu" }, { "metric": "Total energy consumption", "value": 293753, "unit": "Billion Btu" }, { "metric": "Population", "value": 1376298, "unit": "persons" }, { "metric": "Median household income", "value": 67402, "unit": "US dollars" }, { "metric": "Median home value", "value": 503100, "unit": "US dollars" }, { "metric": "Unemployment rate", "value": 7.077030283673529, "unit": "percent" } ] }, { "period": "2012", "values": [ { "metric": "Total primary energy production", "value": 11967, "unit": "Billion Btu" }, { "metric": "Total energy consumption", "value": 291000, "unit": "Billion Btu" }, { "metric": "Population", "value": 1362730, "unit": "persons" }, { "metric": "Median household income", "value": 67492, "unit": "US dollars" }, { "metric": "Median home value", "value": 517000, "unit": "US dollars" }, { "metric": "Unemployment rate", "value": 6.713647481220262, "unit": "percent" } ] }, { "period": "2011", "values": [ { "metric": "Total primary energy production", "value": 11781, "unit": "Billion Btu" }, { "metric": "Total energy consumption", "value": 297974, "unit": "Billion Btu" }, { "metric": "Population", "value": 1346554, "unit": "persons" }, { "metric": "Median household income", "value": 67116, "unit": "US dollars" }, { "metric": "Median home value", "value": 529500, "unit": "US dollars" }, { "metric": "Unemployment rate", "value": 6.371037792794782, "unit": "percent" } ] }, { "period": "2010", "values": [ { "metric": "Total primary energy production", "value": 11494, "unit": "Billion Btu" }, { "metric": "Total energy consumption", "value": 294039, "unit": "Billion Btu" } ] }, { "period": "2009", "values": [ { "metric": "Total primary energy production", "value": 12213, "unit": "Billion Btu" }, { "metric": "Total energy consumption", "value": 272233, "unit": "Billion Btu" } ] }, { "period": "2008", "values": [ { "metric": "Total primary energy production", "value": 12201, "unit": "Billion Btu" }, { "metric": "Total energy consumption", "value": 272843, "unit": "Billion Btu" } ] }, { "period": "2007", "values": [ { "metric": "Total primary energy production", "value": 11350, "unit": "Billion Btu" }, { "metric": "Total energy consumption", "value": 334047, "unit": "Billion Btu" } ] }, { "period": "2006", "values": [ { "metric": "Total primary energy production", "value": 11289, "unit": "Billion Btu" }, { "metric": "Total energy consumption", "value": 324507, "unit": "Billion Btu" } ] }, { "period": "2005", "values": [ { "metric": "Total primary energy production", "value": 10784, "unit": "Billion Btu" }, { "metric": "Total energy consumption", "value": 322560, "unit": "Billion Btu" } ] } ] } ], "sources": [ { "provider": "US_EIA", "source_url": "https://api.eia.gov/v2/seds/data/", "dataset_key": "TEPRB", "metric": "Total primary energy production" }, { "provider": "US_EIA", "source_url": "https://api.eia.gov/v2/seds/data/", "dataset_key": "TETCB", "metric": "Total energy consumption" }, { "provider": "US_CENSUS_DATA_API", "source_url": "https://api.census.gov/data/2024/acs/acs5", "dataset_key": "B01003_001E", "metric": "Population" }, { "provider": "US_CENSUS_DATA_API", "source_url": "https://api.census.gov/data/2024/acs/acs5", "dataset_key": "B19013_001E", "metric": "Median household income" }, { "provider": "US_CENSUS_DATA_API", "source_url": "https://api.census.gov/data/2024/acs/acs5", "dataset_key": "B25077_001E", "metric": "Median home value" }, { "provider": "US_CENSUS_DATA_API", "source_url": "https://api.census.gov/data/2024/acs/acs5", "dataset_key": "B23025_003E+B23025_005E", "metric": "Unemployment rate" } ], "narrative": "Hawaiʻi is difficult to understand through a single statewide number. Population grows over the long run and then weakens, housing and household income keep rising, and unemployment follows a shock-and-recovery cycle. Honolulu, military and aviation networks, active volcanoes, public lands and Maui's recovery add the regional context that makes those trends meaningful. Population weakens while housing and income keep rising Hawaiʻi's population grows over the longer series but slips below its recent peak in the latest observations. Median home value and household income continue upward, so demographic direction and household-cost indicators are no longer moving together. Statewide averages also hide island differences. Housing supply, job concentration, transportation costs and visitor demand vary substantially across Oʻahu, Maui, Hawaiʻi Island and Kauaʻi. Housing is a central cost-of-living signal Median home value first declines and then enters a long appreciation phase. Household income also rises, but the two series turn at different times and move at different speeds. That gap matters in an island state where developable land is constrained and housing demand interacts with tourism, urban concentration and interisland differences. The labor market shows a clear shock and recovery cycle Unemployment improves after an early high, rises again during the pandemic disruption and then moves lower. The pattern highlights the sensitivity of a service- and visitor-oriented economy to major external shocks. Recent labor improvement occurs even as population weakens, showing why employment conditions alone do not explain resident movement or household pressure. Volcanoes, war history and disaster recovery shape the regional story Hawaiʻi Volcanoes and Haleakalā connect conservation, tourism and Native Hawaiian cultural resources. Pearl Harbor and Honolulu's air-transport role show the islands' strategic position within the Pacific. Kīlauea's eruption and the Maui wildfires illustrate persistent natural-hazard exposure. Recent climate-resilience policy increasingly links environmental stewardship, hazard mitigation and the visitor economy. Sources US_EIA · Total primary energy productionUS_EIA · Total energy consumptionUS_CENSUS_DATA_API · PopulationUS_CENSUS_DATA_API · Median household incomeUS_CENSUS_DATA_API · Median home valueUS_CENSUS_DATA_API · Unemployment rate FAQ What is the most important recent pattern in Hawaiʻi? Population weakens in the latest observations while household income and home value continue higher and unemployment improves. The core indicators are moving in different directions. Does higher household income explain higher home values? Not by itself. The two measures move at different speeds, and island-specific land, supply and demand conditions also matter. What should be considered beyond the economic indicators? Honolulu and the air network, Hawaiʻi Volcanoes and Haleakalā, Pearl Harbor, the University of Hawaiʻi, and recent volcanic and wildfire disasters all provide essential regional context. Hawaiʻi combines recent population weakness with rising income and housing values and a recovering labor market. Island geography, tourism, military and research functions, active volcanoes and wildfire risk make the state's regional structure unusually complex and make place-based context essential." }